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Control over Silica Particle Growth and Particle-Biomolecule Interactions Facilitates Silica Encapsulation of Mammalian Cells with Thickness Control.

ABSTRACT: Over the last twenty years, many strategies utilizing sol-gel chemistry to integrate biological cells into silica-based materials have been reported. One such strategy, Sol-Generating Chemical Vapor into Liquid (SG-CViL) deposition, shows promise as an efficient encapsulation technique due to the ability to vary the silica encapsulation morphology obtained by this process through variation of SG-CViL reaction conditions. In this report, we develop SG-CViL as a tunable, multi-purpose silica encapsulation strategy by investigating the mechanisms governing both silica particle generation and subsequent interaction with phospholipid assemblies (liposomes and living cells). Using Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) measurements, linear and exponential silica particle growth dynamics were observed which were dependent on deposition buffer ion constituents and ion concentration. Silica particle growth followed a cluster-cluster growth mechanism at acidic pH, and a monomer-cluster growth mechanism at neutral to basic pH. Increasing silica sol aging temperature resulted in higher rates of particle growth and larger particles. DLS measurements employing PEG coated liposomes and cationic liposomes, serving as model phospholipid assemblies, revealed electrostatic interactions promote more stable liposome-silica interactions than hydrogen bonding and facilitate silica coating on suspension cells. However, continued silica reactivity leads to aggregation of silica coated suspensions cells, revealing the need for cell isolation to tune deposited silica thickness. Utilizing these mechanistic study insights, silica was deposited onto adherent HeLa cells under biocompatible conditions with micron scale control over silica thickness, minimal cell manipulation steps, and retained cell viability over several days.

SUBMITTER: Johnston RK

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5705094 | biostudies-literature | 2017

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Control over Silica Particle Growth and Particle-Biomolecule Interactions Facilitates Silica Encapsulation of Mammalian Cells with Thickness Control.

Johnston Robert K RK Harper Jason C JC Tartis Michaelann S MS

ACS biomaterials science & engineering 20170713 9

Over the last twenty years, many strategies utilizing sol-gel chemistry to integrate biological cells into silica-based materials have been reported. One such strategy, Sol-Generating Chemical Vapor into Liquid (SG-CViL) deposition, shows promise as an efficient encapsulation technique due to the ability to vary the silica encapsulation morphology obtained by this process through variation of SG-CViL reaction conditions. In this report, we develop SG-CViL as a tunable, multi-purpose silica encap ...[more]

PMID: 29202010

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Project description:Exposure to respirable fractions of crystalline silica quartz dust particles is associated with silicosis, cancer and the development of autoimmune conditions. Early cellular interactions are not well understood, partly due to a lack of suitable technological methods. Improved techniques are needed to better quantify and study high-level respirable crystalline silica exposure in human populations. Techniques that can be applied to complex biological matrices are pivotal to understanding particle-cell interactions and the impact of particles within real, biologically complex environments. In this study, we investigated whether imaging flow cytometry could be used to assess the interactions between cells and crystalline silica when present within complex biological matrices. Using the respirable-size fine quartz crystalline silica dust Min-u-sil® 5, we first validated previous reports that, whilst associating with cells, crystalline silica particles can be detected solely through their differential light scattering profile using conventional flow cytometry. This same property reliably identified crystalline silica in association with primary monocytic cells in vitro using an imaging flow cytometry assay, where darkfield intensity measurements were able to detect crystalline silica concentrations as low as 2.5 ?g/mL. Finally, we ultilised fresh whole blood as an exemplary complex biological matrix to test the technique. Even after the increased sample processing required to analyse cells within whole blood, imaging flow cytometry was capable of detecting and assessing silica-association to cells. As expected, in fresh whole blood exposed to crystalline silica, neutrophils and cells of the monocyte/macrophage lineage phagocytosed the particles. In addition to the use of this technique in in vitro exposure models, this method has the potential to be applied directly to ex vivo diagnostic studies and research models, where the identification of crystalline silica association with cells in complex biological matrices such as bronchial lavage fluids, alongside additional functional and phenotypic cellular readouts, is required.

Dataset Information

Control over Silica Particle Growth and Particle-Biomolecule Interactions Facilitates Silica Encapsulation of Mammalian Cells with Thickness Control.

Publications

Control over Silica Particle Growth and Particle-Biomolecule Interactions Facilitates Silica Encapsulation of Mammalian Cells with Thickness Control.

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