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MicroRNA-containing extracellular vesicles released from endothelial colony-forming cells modulate angiogenesis during ischaemic retinopathy.

ABSTRACT: Endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) are a defined subtype of endothelial progenitors that modulate vascular repair and promote perfusion in ischaemic tissues. Their paracrine activity on resident vasculature is ill-defined, but mediated, at least in part, by the transfer of extracellular vesicles (EVs). To evaluate the potential of isolated EVs to provide an alternative to cell-based therapies, we first performed a physical and molecular characterization of those released by ECFCs. Their effects upon endothelial cells in vitro and angiogenesis in vivo in a model of proliferative retinopathy were assessed. The EVs expressed typical markers CD9 and CD63 and formed a heterogeneous population ranging in size from ~60 to 1500 nm by electron microscopy. ECFC EVs were taken up by endothelial cells and increased cell migration. This was reflected by microarray analyses which showed significant changes in expression of genes associated with angiogenesis. Sequencing of small RNAs in ECFCs and their EVs showed that multiple microRNAs are highly expressed and concentrated in EVs. The functional categories significantly enriched for the predicted target genes of these microRNAs included angiogenesis. Intravitreally delivered ECFC EVs were associated with the vasculature and significantly reduced the avascular area in a mouse oxygen-induced retinopathy model. Our findings confirm the potential of isolated EVs to influence endothelial cell function and act as a therapy to modulate angiogenesis. The functions associated with the specific microRNAs detected in ECFC EVs support a role for microRNA transfer in mediating the observed effects.

SUBMITTER: Dellett M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5706503 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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MicroRNA-containing extracellular vesicles released from endothelial colony-forming cells modulate angiogenesis during ischaemic retinopathy.

Dellett Margaret M Brown Eoin D ED Guduric-Fuchs Jasenka J O'Connor Anna A Stitt Alan W AW Medina Reinhold J RJ Simpson David A DA

Journal of cellular and molecular medicine 20170620 12

Endothelial colony-forming cells (ECFCs) are a defined subtype of endothelial progenitors that modulate vascular repair and promote perfusion in ischaemic tissues. Their paracrine activity on resident vasculature is ill-defined, but mediated, at least in part, by the transfer of extracellular vesicles (EVs). To evaluate the potential of isolated EVs to provide an alternative to cell-based therapies, we first performed a physical and molecular characterization of those released by ECFCs. Their ef ...[more]

PMID: 28631889

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Project description:Although cell survival post-transplantation is very low, emerging evidence using stem cell therapy for myocardial repair points toward a primary role of paracrine signaling mechanisms as the basis for improved cardiac function, decreased fibrosis, and increased angiogenesis. Recent studies have demonstrated that extracellular vesicles (EVs) such as exosomes secreted by stem cells stimulate angiogenesis, provide cytoprotection, and modulate apoptosis. However, the angiogenic potential of EVs secreted from human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CM), a terminally differentiated cell type, has not been elucidated yet. Therefore, the main objective of this study is to isolate, characterize, and evaluate the in vitro angiogenic potential of EVs collected from hiPSC-CM conditioned media. The hiPSC-CM were cultured for 2 weeks and EVs were isolated from cell culture medium. Isolated EVs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM), nanoparticle tracking analysis, and immunoblotting. Furthermore, the angiogenic potential of these EVs was evaluated by tube formation, wound-healing, and cell-proliferation assays in bovine aortic endothelial cells (BAEC). In addition, gene expression levels of growth factors was evaluated in hiPSC-derived endothelial cells (hiPSC-EC) treated with hiPSC-CM-derived EV (CM-EVs) to assess their role in promoting angiogenesis. TEM imaging of CM-EVs showed a presence of a double-membrane bound structure, which is a characteristic of EV. Nanoparticle tracking analysis further confirmed the size and shape of the secreted particles to be consistent with EVs. Furthermore, EV-specific markers (CD63 and HSP70) were enriched in these particles as illustrated by immunoblotting. Most importantly, BAEC treated with 100 ?g/ml of CM-EVs showed significant increases in tube formation, wound closure, and cell proliferation as compared to control (no-EVs). Finally, treatment of hiPSC-EC with CM-EVs induced increased expression of pro-angiogenic growth factors by the endothelial cells. Overall, our results demonstrated that EVs isolated from hiPSC-CM enhance angiogenesis in endothelial cells. This acellular/cell-free approach constitutes a potential translational therapeutic to induce angiogenesis in patients with myocardial infarction.

Dataset Information

MicroRNA-containing extracellular vesicles released from endothelial colony-forming cells modulate angiogenesis during ischaemic retinopathy.

Publications

MicroRNA-containing extracellular vesicles released from endothelial colony-forming cells modulate angiogenesis during ischaemic retinopathy.

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