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Precision Nutrition and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: A Case for Personalized Supplementation Approaches for the Prevention and Management of Human Diseases.


ABSTRACT: Dietary essential omega-6 (n-6) and omega-3 (n-3) 18 carbon (18C-) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), linoleic acid (LA) and ?-linolenic acid (ALA), can be converted (utilizing desaturase and elongase enzymes encoded by FADS and ELOVL genes) to biologically-active long chain (LC; >20)-PUFAs by numerous cells and tissues. These n-6 and n-3 LC-PUFAs and their metabolites (ex, eicosanoids and endocannabinoids) play critical signaling and structural roles in almost all physiologic and pathophysiologic processes.This review summarizes: (1) the biosynthesis, metabolism and roles of LC-PUFAs; (2) the potential impact of rapidly altering the intake of dietary LA and ALA; (3) the genetics and evolution of LC-PUFA biosynthesis; (4) Gene-diet interactions that may lead to excess levels of n-6 LC-PUFAs and deficiencies of n-3 LC-PUFAs; and (5) opportunities for precision nutrition approaches to personalize n-3 LC-PUFA supplementation for individuals and populations.The rapid nature of transitions in 18C-PUFA exposure together with the genetic variation in the LC-PUFA biosynthetic pathway found in different populations make mal-adaptations a likely outcome of our current nutritional environment. Understanding this genetic variation in the context of 18C-PUFA dietary exposure should enable the development of individualized n-3 LC-PUFA supplementation regimens to prevent and manage human disease.

SUBMITTER: Chilton FH 

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5707637 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Precision Nutrition and Omega-3 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids: A Case for Personalized Supplementation Approaches for the Prevention and Management of Human Diseases.

Chilton Floyd H FH   Dutta Rahul R   Reynolds Lindsay M LM   Sergeant Susan S   Mathias Rasika A RA   Seeds Michael C MC  

Nutrients 20171025 11


<h4>Background</h4>Dietary essential omega-6 (<i>n</i>-6) and omega-3 (<i>n</i>-3) 18 carbon (18C-) polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), linoleic acid (LA) and α-linolenic acid (ALA), can be converted (utilizing desaturase and elongase enzymes encoded by <i>FADS</i> and <i>ELOVL</i> genes) to biologically-active long chain (LC; >20)-PUFAs by numerous cells and tissues. These <i>n</i>-6 and <i>n</i>-3 LC-PUFAs and their metabolites (ex, eicosanoids and endocannabinoids) play critical signaling and  ...[more]

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