Dataset Information

Carbohydrate metabolism and gene regulation during anther development in an androdioecious tree, Tapiscia sinensis.

ABSTRACT:

Background and aims

Tapiscia sinensis (Tapisciaceae) is a functional androdioecious species with both male and hermaphroditic individuals, and fruit ripening overlaps with flowering in the hermaphroditic individuals. Pollen vitality was lower in the hermaphrodites than in the males. Anther development requires nutrients, and carbohydrates are the basic nutrients; abnormal carbohydrate metabolism will result in pollen abortion. The aim of this research was to gain insight into the relationship between carbohydrate metabolism and the weakening of the male function of hermaphroditic flowers in T. sinensis.

Methods

Observation of morphology and microscopic and sub-microscopic structures was carried out. Sugar measurements and quantitative real-time PCR analysis were performed for the genes related to sugar metabolism and transport in the development of anthers in both males and hermaphrodites. The expression pattern of Cell wall invertase 2 (CWI2) and Sucrose transporter 2 (ST2) was explored by in situ hybridization.

Key results

At the vacuolate microspore (VM) stage, polysaccharides accumulated in the connective tissue of the hermaphroditic anthers, and the levels of total soluble sugar, sucrose and starch in the hermaphroditic anthers were significantly lower than in the male anthers. Most of the hermaphroditic pollen grains were empty, with degradation of the cytoplasm, absence of an intine layer and defective exines. There was a significant differential expression between male and hermaphroditic flowers of several key genes that are involved in sugar metabolism, transport and intine development. CWI2 and ST2 were expressed in the tapetum and microspores. The expression of CWI2 was significantly lower in hermaphrodites than in the males.

Conclusions

Fruit ripening overlaps with flowering, leading to a severe reproductive burden on the hermaphroditic individuals. The hermaphroditic flowers regulating carbohydrate metabolism and transport to affect resources are biased towards the female function to ensure reproduction, causing a deficiency in resources for the development of pollen; thus, the pollen viability is lower. This makes it easier for males to invade the hermaphroditic population and form a functional androdioecious breeding system.

SUBMITTER: Yang K

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5710524 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Carbohydrate metabolism and gene regulation during anther development in an androdioecious tree, Tapiscia sinensis.

Yang Ke K Zhou Xiaojun X Wang Yueyue Y Feng Hualing H Ren Xiaolong X Liu Huidong H Liu Wenzhe W

Annals of botany 20171101 6

<h4>Background and aims</h4>Tapiscia sinensis (Tapisciaceae) is a functional androdioecious species with both male and hermaphroditic individuals, and fruit ripening overlaps with flowering in the hermaphroditic individuals. Pollen vitality was lower in the hermaphrodites than in the males. Anther development requires nutrients, and carbohydrates are the basic nutrients; abnormal carbohydrate metabolism will result in pollen abortion. The aim of this research was to gain insight into the relatio ...[more]

PMID: 28961748

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Project description:Background and aimsThe phylogeography of plant species in sub-tropical China remains largely unclear. This study used Tapiscia sinensis, an endemic and endangered tree species widely but disjunctly distributed in sub-tropical China, as a model to reveal the patterns of genetic diversity and phylogeographical history of Tertiary relict plant species in this region. The implications of the results are discussed in relation to its conservation management.MethodsSamples were taken from 24 populations covering the natural geographical distribution of T. sinensis. Genetic structure was investigated by analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) and spatial analysis of molecular variance (SAMOVA). Phylogenetic relationships among haplotypes were constructed with maximum parsimony and haplotype network methods. Historical population expansion events were tested with pairwise mismatch distribution analysis and neutrality tests. Species potential range was deduced by ecological niche modelling (ENM).Key resultsA low level of genetic diversity was detected at the population level. A high level of genetic differentiation and a significant phylogeographical structure were revealed. The mean divergence time of the haplotypes was approx. 1·33 million years ago. Recent range expansion in this species is suggested by a star-like haplotype network and by the results from the mismatch distribution analysis and neutrality tests.ConclusionsClimatic oscillations during the Pleistocene have had pronounced effects on the extant distribution of Tapiscia relative to the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM). Spatial patterns of molecular variation and ENM suggest that T. sinensis may have retreated in south-western and central China and colonized eastern China prior to the LGM. Multiple montane refugia for T. sinense existing during the LGM are inferred in central and western China. The populations adjacent to or within these refugia of T. sinense should be given high priority in the development of conservation policies and management strategies for this endangered species.

Project description:BackgroundLycoris species have great ornamental and medicinal values; however, their low regeneration efficiency seriously restricts their commercial production. Understanding the mechanism of bulblet propagation in this genus, which has remained underexplored to date, could provide a theoretical basis for improving the reproductive efficiency. Therefore, we studied the bulblet initiation and developmental processes in Lycoris radiata.ResultsWe found that bulblets are formed on the junctions of the innermost layers of scales and the basal plate, and initially present as an axillary bud and gradually develop into a bulblet. We also determined the changes in carbohydrate and endogenous hormone contents during bulblet initiation and development, as well as the expression patterns of genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism and hormone biosynthesis and signaling through transcriptome analysis. Soluble sugars derived from starch degradation in the outer scales are transported to and promote bulblet initiation and development through starch synthesis in the inner scales. This process is mediated by several genes involved in carbohydrate metabolism, especially genes encoding ADP glucose pyrophosphorylase, a crucial starch synthesis enzyme. As for hormones, endogenous IAA, GA, and ABA content showed an increase and decrease during bulblet initiation and development, respectively, which were consistent with the expression patterns of genes involved in IAA, GA, and ABA synthesis and signal transduction. In addition, a decrease in ZR content may be down- and up-regulated by CK biosynthesis and degradation related genes, respectively, with increasing auxin content. Furthermore, expression levels of genes related to BR, JA, and SA biosynthesis were increased, while that of ethylene biosynthesis genes was decreased, which was also consistent with the expression patterns of their signal transduction genes.ConclusionsThe present study provides insights into the effect of carbohydrate metabolism and endogenous hormone regulation on control of L. radiata bulblet initiation and development. Based on the results, we propose several suggestions to improve L. radiata propagation efficiency in production, which will provide directions for future research.

Dataset Information

Carbohydrate metabolism and gene regulation during anther development in an androdioecious tree, Tapiscia sinensis.

Background and aims

Methods

Key results

Conclusions

Publications

Carbohydrate metabolism and gene regulation during anther development in an androdioecious tree, Tapiscia sinensis.

Similar Datasets

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