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Thresholds for Ambulatory Blood Pressure Among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring is the reference standard for out-of-clinic BP measurement. Thresholds for identifying ambulatory hypertension (daytime systolic BP [SBP]/diastolic BP [DBP] ?135/85 mm?Hg, 24-hour SBP/DBP ?130/80 mm?Hg, and nighttime SBP/DBP ?120/70 mm?Hg) have been derived from European, Asian, and South American populations. We determined BP thresholds for ambulatory hypertension in a US population-based sample of African American adults. METHODS:We analyzed data from the Jackson Heart Study, a population-based cohort study comprised exclusively of African American adults (n=5306). Analyses were restricted to 1016 participants who completed ambulatory BP monitoring at baseline in 2000 to 2004. Mean SBP and DBP levels were calculated for daytime (10:00 am-8:00 pm), 24-hour (all available readings), and nighttime (midnight-6:00 am) periods, separately. Daytime, 24-hour, and nighttime BP thresholds for ambulatory hypertension were identified using regression- and outcome-derived approaches. The composite of a cardiovascular disease or an all-cause mortality event was used in the outcome-derived approach. For this latter approach, BP thresholds were identified only for SBP because clinic DBP was not associated with the outcome. Analyses were stratified by antihypertensive medication use. RESULTS:Among participants not taking antihypertensive medication, the regression-derived thresholds for daytime, 24-hour, and nighttime SBP/DBP corresponding to clinic SBP/DBP of 140/90 mm?Hg were 134/85 mm?Hg, 130/81 mm?Hg, and 123/73 mm?Hg, respectively. The outcome-derived thresholds for daytime, 24-hour, and nighttime SBP corresponding to a clinic SBP ?140 mm?Hg were 138 mm?Hg, 134 mm?Hg, and 129 mm?Hg, respectively. Among participants taking antihypertensive medication, the regression-derived thresholds for daytime, 24-hour, and nighttime SBP/DBP corresponding to clinic SBP/DBP of 140/90 mm?Hg were 135/85 mm?Hg, 133/82 mm?Hg, and 128/76 mm?Hg, respectively. The corresponding outcome-derived thresholds for daytime, 24-hour, and nighttime SBP were 140 mm?Hg, 137 mm?Hg, and 133 mm?Hg, respectively, among those taking antihypertensive medication. CONCLUSIONS:On the basis of the outcome-derived approach for SBP and regression-derived approach for DBP, the following definitions for daytime, 24-hour, and nighttime hypertension corresponding to clinic SBP/DBP ?140/90 mm?Hg are proposed for African American adults: daytime SBP/DBP ?140/85 mm?Hg, 24-hour SBP/DBP ?135/80 mm?Hg, and nighttime SBP/DBP ?130/75 mm?Hg, respectively.

SUBMITTER: Ravenell J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5711518 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Thresholds for Ambulatory Blood Pressure Among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study.

Ravenell Joseph J Shimbo Daichi D Booth John N JN Sarpong Daniel F DF Agyemang Charles C Beatty Moody Danielle L DL Abdalla Marwah M Spruill Tanya M TM Shallcross Amanda J AJ Bress Adam P AP Muntner Paul P Ogedegbe Gbenga G

Circulation 20170420 25

<h4>Background</h4>Ambulatory blood pressure (BP) monitoring is the reference standard for out-of-clinic BP measurement. Thresholds for identifying ambulatory hypertension (daytime systolic BP [SBP]/diastolic BP [DBP] ≥135/85 mm Hg, 24-hour SBP/DBP ≥130/80 mm Hg, and nighttime SBP/DBP ≥120/70 mm Hg) have been derived from European, Asian, and South American populations. We determined BP thresholds for ambulatory hypertension in a US population-based sample of African American adults.<h4>Methods< ...[more]

PMID: 28428231

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Project description:BackgroundThe renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) is an important driver of blood pressure (BP), but the association of the RAAS with ambulatory BP (ABP) and ABP monitoring phenotypes among African Americans has not been assessed.MethodsABP and ABP monitoring phenotypes were assessed in 912 Jackson Heart Study participants with aldosterone and plasma renin activity (PRA). Multivariable linear and logistic regression analyses were used to analyze the association of aldosterone and PRA with clinic, awake, and asleep systolic BP and diastolic BP (DBP) and ABP monitoring phenotypes, adjusting for important confounders.ResultsThe mean age of participants was 59±11 years and 69% were female. In fully adjusted models, lower log-PRA was associated with higher clinic, awake, and asleep systolic BP and DBP (all P<0.05). A higher log-aldosterone was associated with higher clinic, awake, and asleep DBP (all P<0.05). A 1-unit higher log-PRA was associated with lower odds of daytime hypertension (odds ratio [OR] 0.59 [95% CI, 0.49-0.71]), nocturnal hypertension (OR, 0.68 [95% CI, 0.58-0.79]), daytime and nocturnal hypertension (OR, 0.59 [95% CI, 0.48-0.71]), sustained hypertension (OR, 0.52 [95% CI, 0.39-0.70]), and masked hypertension (OR 0.75 [95% CI, 0.62-0.90]). A 1-unit higher log-aldosterone was associated with higher odds of nocturnal hypertension (OR, 1.38 [95% CI, 1.05-1.81]). Neither PRA nor aldosterone was associated with percent dipping, nondipping BP pattern, or white-coat hypertension. Patterns for aldosterone:renin ratio were similar to patterns for PRA.ConclusionsSuppressed renin activity and higher aldosterone:renin ratios were associated with higher systolic BP and DBP in the office and during the awake and asleep periods as evidenced by ABP monitoring. Higher aldosterone levels were associated with higher DBP, but not systolic BP, in the clinic and during the awake and asleep periods. Further clinical investigation of novel and approved medications that target low renin physiology such as epithelial sodium channel inhibitors and mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists may be paramount in improving hypertension control in African Americans.

Dataset Information

Thresholds for Ambulatory Blood Pressure Among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study.

Publications

Thresholds for Ambulatory Blood Pressure Among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study.

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