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Pregnancy complications and later vascular ultrasound measures: A cohort study.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVES:Pregnancy complications predict or even predispose to later cardiovascular disease in the mother. We examined whether pregnancy complications are associated with post-pregnancy measures of endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness. STUDY DESIGN:Prospective cohort; Data for 847 women female participants in the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study were linked with the national birth registry. Preterm birth (<37weeks), low birthweight (<2500g), small-for-gestational-age (weight <10th percentile for gestational age), and hypertensive disorders of pregnancy were examined as predictors of later vascular measures. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Flow-mediated dilatation (FMD), carotid intima-media thickness (IMT), Young's elastic modulus (YEM), and carotid artery distensibility. RESULTS:In some analyses, gestational hypertension and pre-eclampsia were associated with increased YEM. Low birthweight was also associated with an increase in IMT, and this increased risk was present prior to the pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS:The increased cardiovascular risk in the mother observed after low birthweight and hypertensive disorders may be due to vascular changes, and some of this increased risk may be present before pregnancy.

SUBMITTER: Harville EW

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5726803 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Oct

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Pregnancy complications and later vascular ultrasound measures: A cohort study.

Harville Emily W EW Juonala Markus M Viikari Jorma S A JSA Kähönen Mika M Raitakari Olli T OT

Pregnancy hypertension 20170804

<h4>Objectives</h4>Pregnancy complications predict or even predispose to later cardiovascular disease in the mother. We examined whether pregnancy complications are associated with post-pregnancy measures of endothelial dysfunction and arterial stiffness.<h4>Study design</h4>Prospective cohort; Data for 847 women female participants in the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study were linked with the national birth registry. Preterm birth (<37weeks), low birthweight (<2500g), small-for-gestation ...[more]

PMID: 29153673

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Project description:BackgroundAir pollution exposure during pregnancy might have trimester-specific effects on fetal growth.ObjectiveWe prospectively evaluated the associations of maternal air pollution exposure with fetal growth characteristics and adverse birth outcomes in 7,772 subjects in the Netherlands.MethodsParticulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter < 10 μm (PM10) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) levels were estimated using dispersion modeling at the home address. Fetal head circumference, length, and weight were estimated in each trimester by ultrasound. Information on birth outcomes was obtained from medical records.ResultsIn cross-sectional analyses, NO2 levels were inversely associated with fetal femur length in the second and third trimester, and PM10 and NO2 levels both were associated with smaller fetal head circumference in the third trimester [-0.18 mm, 95% confidence interval (CI): -0.24, -0.12 mm; and -0.12 mm, 95% CI: -0.17, -0.06 mm per 1-μg/m3 increase in PM10 and NO2, respectively]. Average PM10 and NO2 levels during pregnancy were not associated with head circumference and length at birth or neonatally, but were inversely associated with birth weight (-3.6 g, 95% CI: -6.7, -0.4 g; and -3.4 g, 95% CI: -6.2, -0.6 g, respectively). Longitudinal analyses showed similar patterns for head circumference and weight, but no associations with length. The third and fourth quartiles of PM10 exposure were associated with preterm birth [odds ratio (OR) = 1.40, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.89; and OR = 1.32; 95% CI: 0.96, 1.79, relative to the first quartile]. The third quartile of PM10 exposure, but not the fourth, was associated with small size for gestational age at birth (SGA) (OR = 1.38; 95% CI: 1.00, 1.90). No consistent associations were observed for NO2 levels and adverse birth outcomes.ConclusionsResults suggest that maternal air pollution exposure is inversely associated with fetal growth during the second and third trimester and with weight at birth. PM10 exposure was positively associated with preterm birth and SGA.

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Pregnancy complications and later vascular ultrasound measures: A cohort study.

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Pregnancy complications and later vascular ultrasound measures: A cohort study.

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