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SYK kinase mediates brown fat differentiation and activation.

ABSTRACT: Brown adipose tissue (BAT) metabolism influences glucose homeostasis and metabolic health in mice and humans. Sympathetic stimulation of ?-adrenergic receptors in response to cold induces proliferation, differentiation, and UCP1 expression in pre-adipocytes and mature brown adipocytes. Here we show that spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is upregulated during brown adipocyte differentiation and activated by ?-adrenergic stimulation. Deletion or inhibition of SYK, a kinase known for its essential roles in the immune system, blocks brown and white pre-adipocyte proliferation and differentiation in vitro, and results in diminished expression of Ucp1 and other genes regulating brown adipocyte function in response to ?-adrenergic stimulation. Adipocyte-specific SYK deletion in mice reduces BAT mass and BAT that developed consisted of SYK-expressing brown adipocytes that had escaped homozygous Syk deletion. SYK inhibition in vivo represses ?-agonist-induced thermogenesis and oxygen consumption. These results establish SYK as an essential mediator of brown fat formation and function.

SUBMITTER: Knoll M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5727434 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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SYK kinase mediates brown fat differentiation and activation.

Knoll Marko M Winther Sally S Natarajan Anirudh A Yang Huan H Jiang Mengxi M Thiru Prathapan P Shahsafaei Aliakbar A Chavarria Tony E TE Lamming Dudley W DW Sun Lei L Hansen Jacob B JB Lodish Harvey F HF

Nature communications 20171213 1

Brown adipose tissue (BAT) metabolism influences glucose homeostasis and metabolic health in mice and humans. Sympathetic stimulation of β-adrenergic receptors in response to cold induces proliferation, differentiation, and UCP1 expression in pre-adipocytes and mature brown adipocytes. Here we show that spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK) is upregulated during brown adipocyte differentiation and activated by β-adrenergic stimulation. Deletion or inhibition of SYK, a kinase known for its essential roles ...[more]

PMID: 29235464

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Project description:ContextThe contribution of brown adipose tissue (BAT) to the energy balance in humans exposed to sustainable cold has not been completely established, partially because of measurement limitations of both BAT activity and energy expenditure (EE).ObjectiveThe objective of the study was to characterize the role of BAT activation in cold-induced thermogenesis (CIT).DesignThis study was a single-blind, randomized crossover intervention.SettingThe study was conducted at the National Institutes of Health Clinical Center.Study participantsThirty-one healthy volunteers participated in the study.InterventionsThe intervention included mild cold exposure.Main outcomesCIT and BAT activation were the main outcomes in this study.MethodsOvernight EE measurement by whole-room indirect calorimeter at 24 °C or 19 °C was followed by 2-[18F]-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (PET) scan. After 36 hours, volunteers crossed over to the alternate study temperature under identical conditions. BAT activity was measured in a 3-dimensional region of interest in the upper torso by comparing the uptake at the two temperatures.ResultsTwenty-four volunteers (14 males, 10 females) had a complete data set. When compared with 24 °C, exposure at 19 °C resulted in increased EE (5.3 ± 5.9%, P < .001), indicating CIT response and mean BAT activity (10.5 ± 11.1%, P < .001). Multiple regression analysis indicated that a difference in BAT activity (P < .001), age (P = .01), and gender (P = .037) were independent contributors to individual variability of CIT.ConclusionsA small reduction in ambient temperature, within the range of climate-controlled buildings, is sufficient to increase human BAT activity, which correlates with individual CIT response. This study uncovers for the first time a spectrum of BAT activation among healthy adults during mild cold exposure not previously recognized by conventional PET and PET-computed tomography methods. The enhancement of cold-induced BAT stimulation may represent a novel environmental strategy in obesity treatment.

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SYK kinase mediates brown fat differentiation and activation.

Publications

SYK kinase mediates brown fat differentiation and activation.

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