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Lentinula edodes ?-glucan enriched diet induces pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages in rabbit.

ABSTRACT: ?-glucans exhibited in cell walls of several pathogens as bacteria or fungi are sensed by pathogen recognition receptors such as scavenger receptors present in antigen presenting cells, i.e., macrophages. ?-glucans obtained from Shiitake mushrooms were chemically characterized. A ?-glucan supplemented diet was assayed for 30 days in rabbits aiming to characterize the immune response elicited in blood-derived macrophages. M1 and M2 profiles of macrophage differentiation were confirmed in rabbits by in vitro stimulation with IFN-? and IL-4 and marker quantification of each differentiation pathway. Blood derived macrophages from rabbits administered in vivo with the ?-glucan supplemented diet showed higher IL-4, IFN-? and RAGE together with lower IL-10 relative expression, indicative of an ongoing immune response. Differences in IL-1?, IL-13 and IL-4 expression were also found in rabbit sera by ELISA suggesting further stimulation of the adaptive response. Recent challenges in the rabbit industry include the search of diet supplements able to elicit an immune stimulation with particular interest in facing pathogens such as viruses or bacteria. ?-glucans from fungi may contribute to maintain an immune steady state favouring protection and thus reducing antibiotic treatment.

SUBMITTER: Crespo H

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5727452 | biostudies-literature | 2017

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Lentinula edodes β-glucan enriched diet induces pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages in rabbit.

Crespo Helena H Guillén Hugo H de Pablo-Maiso Lorena L Gómez-Arrebola Carmen C Rodríguez Gregorio G Glaria Idoia I de Andrés Damián D Reina Ramsés R

Food & nutrition research 20171212 1

β-glucans exhibited in cell walls of several pathogens as bacteria or fungi are sensed by pathogen recognition receptors such as scavenger receptors present in antigen presenting cells, i.e., macrophages. β-glucans obtained from Shiitake mushrooms were chemically characterized. A β-glucan supplemented diet was assayed for 30 days in rabbits aiming to characterize the immune response elicited in blood-derived macrophages. M1 and M2 profiles of macrophage differentiation were confirmed in rabbits ...[more]

PMID: 29249921

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Project description:BackgroundLong-term high fat (HF) diet intake can cause neuroinflammation and cognitive decline through the gut-brain axis. (1, 3)/(1, 6)-β-glucan, an edible polysaccharide isolated from medical mushroom, Lentinula edodes (L. edodes), has the potential to remodel gut microbiota. However, the effects of L. edodes derived β-glucan against HF diet-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive decline remain unknown. This study aimed to evaluate the neuroprotective effect and mechanism of dietary L edodes β-glucan supplementation against the obesity-associated cognitive decline in mice fed by a HF diet.MethodsC57BL/6J male mice were fed with either a lab chow (LC), HF or HF with L. edodes β-glucan supplementation diets for 7 days (short-term) or 15 weeks (long-term). Cognitive behavior was examined; blood, cecum content, colon and brain were collected to evaluate metabolic parameters, endotoxin, gut microbiota, colon, and brain pathology.ResultsWe reported that short-term and long-term L. edodes β-glucan supplementation prevented the gut microbial composition shift induced by the HF diet. Long-term L. edodes β-glucan supplementation prevented the HF diet-induced recognition memory impairment assessed by behavioral tests (the temporal order memory, novel object recognition and Y-maze tests). In the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, the β-glucan supplementation ameliorated the alteration of synaptic ultrastructure, neuroinflammation and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) deficits induced by HF diet. Furthermore, the β-glucan supplementation increased the mucosal thickness, upregulated the expression of tight junction protein occludin, decreased the plasma LPS level, and inhibited the proinflammatory macrophage accumulation in the colon of mice fed by HF diet.ConclusionsThis study revealed that L. edodes β-glucan prevents cognitive impairments induced by the HF diet, which may occur via colon-brain axis improvement. The finding suggested that dietary L. edodes β-glucan supplementation may be an effective nutritional strategy to prevent obesity-associated cognitive decline.

Project description:Lentinula edodes is a popular, cultivated edible and medicinal mushroom. Lentinula edodes is susceptible to postharvest problems, such as gill browning, fruiting body softening, and lentinan degradation. We constructed a de novo assembly draft genome sequence and performed gene prediction for Lentinula edodesDe novo assembly was carried out using short reads from paired-end and mate-paired libraries and by using long reads by PacBio, resulting in a contig number of 1,951 and an N50 of 1 Mb. Furthermore, we predicted genes by Augustus using transcriptome sequencing (RNA-seq) data from the whole life cycle of Lentinula edodes, resulting in 12,959 predicted genes. This analysis revealed that Lentinula edodes lacks lignin peroxidase. To reveal genes involved in the loss of quality of Lentinula edodes postharvest fruiting bodies, transcriptome analysis was carried out using serial analysis of gene expression (SuperSAGE). This analysis revealed that many cell wall-related enzymes are upregulated after harvest, such as ?-1,3-1,6-glucan-degrading enzymes in glycoside hydrolase (GH) families GH5, GH16, GH30, GH55, and GH128, and thaumatin-like proteins. In addition, we found that several chitin-related genes are upregulated, such as putative chitinases in GH family 18, exochitinases in GH20, and a putative chitosanase in GH family 75. The results suggest that cell wall-degrading enzymes synergistically cooperate for rapid fruiting body autolysis. Many putative transcription factor genes were upregulated postharvest, such as genes containing high-mobility-group (HMG) domains and zinc finger domains. Several cell death-related proteins were also upregulated postharvest.IMPORTANCE Our data collectively suggest that there is a rapid fruiting body autolysis system in Lentinula edodes The genes for the loss of postharvest quality newly found in this research will be targets for the future breeding of strains that keep fresh longer than present strains. De novoLentinula edodes genome assembly data will be used for the construction of a complete Lentinula edodes chromosome map for future breeding.

Dataset Information

Lentinula edodes ?-glucan enriched diet induces pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages in rabbit.

Publications

Lentinula edodes β-glucan enriched diet induces pro- and anti-inflammatory macrophages in rabbit.

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