Dataset Information

Characteristics of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase gene promoters from different leaf colored Malus crabapple cultivars.

ABSTRACT: Anthocyanins are secondary metabolites in land plants that contribute to the colors of leaves and flowers, and are nutritionally valuable components of the human diet. The DFR gene plays an important role in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. In this study, we investigated the regulation of DFR expression and in different Malus crabapple cultivars that show distinct patterns of leaf coloration, and how it influences leaf anthocyanin accumulation and coloration. Specifically, we studied the ever-red leaved cultivar 'Royalty', the ever-green leaved cultivar 'Flame' and the spring-red leaved cultivar 'Radiant'. RT-PCR analysis showed that the expression of McDFR1 correlated with the expression of a MYB transcription factor, McMYB10, and with anthocyanin accumulation. We isolated five McDFR1 promoter fragments from the three cultivars and identified four different fragments (F1-4) that were present either in several cultivars, or only in one. Yeast one-hybrid and electrophoretic mobility shift assay analyses showed that McMYB10 could bind to all the McDFR1 promoters, except McDFR1-Ra2. The F1, F2 and F3 fragments did not affect McMYB10 binding to the McDFR1 promoters; however, we found evidence that the F4 fragment suppressed binding, and that the MYBGAHV amino-acid sequence maybe an important cis-element for McMYB10 protein binding. This information has potential value for strategies to modify plant color through genetic transformation.

SUBMITTER: Tian J

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5727492 | biostudies-literature | 2017

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Characteristics of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase gene promoters from different leaf colored Malus crabapple cultivars.

Tian Ji J Chen Meng-Chen MC Zhang Jie J Li Ke-Ting KT Song Ting-Ting TT Zhang Xi X Yao Yun-Cong YC

Horticulture research 20171213

Anthocyanins are secondary metabolites in land plants that contribute to the colors of leaves and flowers, and are nutritionally valuable components of the human diet. The DFR gene plays an important role in the anthocyanin biosynthetic pathway. In this study, we investigated the regulation of DFR expression and in different Malus crabapple cultivars that show distinct patterns of leaf coloration, and how it influences leaf anthocyanin accumulation and coloration. Specifical ...[more]

PMID: 29263792

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Project description:Background and aimsIt has been previously shown that abscission of apple fruitlets is preceded by an increase in ethylene evolution and in the amount of transcripts for 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate oxidase (ACO), an enzyme catalysing the final step in ethylene biosynthesis. These events are concomitant with shedding induction and chemical thinning. There are several thinners but their mode of action and efficacy is poorly understood. One of them is benzylaminopurine (BA), a cytokinin believed to act by enhancing vegetative activity and stressing the competition between shoots and fruitlets, thus leading to fruitlet shedding. Nevertheless, the specific mechanism of action of BA and the variable effect depending on apple cultivar (easy or difficult to thin) are poorly understood.MethodsAbscission, the amount of MdACO1 transcripts and other parameters were followed in immature apple fruits during the period of physiological drop. The cultivars studied were 'Golden Delicious' and the 'spur' type 'Red Delicious'. BA was used as a thinning agent and was sprayed 14 d after petal fall (DAPF). Fruitlets were divided into central (C) and lateral (L) fruitlet populations.Key resultsFruitlet size was significantly different between C and L fruitlets but it did not differ much between the populations within the same cultivar. C fruitlets were characterized by basal ethylene evolution while L fruitlets displayed an increase in hormone biosynthesis during abscission induction. Cluster composition evaluated by the L/C ratio differed in the two varieties, being almost unchanged throughout abscission induction in 'Golden Delicious' and progressively decreasing in 'Red Delicious'. Shoot growth activity evaluated at the end of the season indicated a possible connection with both the ongoing abscission and BA application. MDACO1 transcripts were mainly detected in L fruitlets and the accumulation was related to total abscission in 'Golden Delicious', while in 'Red Delicious' expression was observed in both C and L fruitlets.ConclusionsBA probably exerts its thinning effect through vegetative growth. In the 'spur' type 'Red Delicious' the chemical is ineffective, probably due to a limited action on shoot growth due to genetic characteristics. The amount of MdACO1 transcripts in seeds is a good indicator of abscission.

Project description:Proanthocyanidins (PAs) are a class of flavonoid compounds in plants that play many important roles in pest and disease resistance and are beneficial components of the human diet. The crabapple (Malus) provides an excellent model to study PA biosynthesis and metabolism; therefore, to gain insights into the PA regulatory network in Malus plants, we performed RNA-seq profiling of fruits of the 'Flame' cultivar at five sequential developmental stages. KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) enrichment analysis showed that differentially expressed genes (DEGs) related to the functional category 'plant hormone signal transduction' were significantly enriched during fruit development. Further analysis showed that ethylene signal transduction pathway genes or response genes, such as ERS (ethylene response sensor), EIN3 (ETHYLENE INSENSITIVE 3) and ERFs (ethylene response factors), may play an important role in the regulatory network of PA biosynthesis. Additionally, 12 DEGs, including 10 ERFs, 1 MYB, and 1 bHLH transcription factor, associated with PA biosynthesis were identified using WGCNA. The expression patterns of these genes correlated with PA accumulation trends and transcriptome data from qRT-PCR analysis. The expression of RAP2-4 (RELATED TO APETALA 2-4) and RAV1 (related to ABI3/VP1), which belong to the ERF transcription factor family, showed the greatest correlations with PAs accumulation among the 12 identified TFs. Agrobacterium mediated-transient overexpression of the RAP2-4 led to an increase in PA abundance in crabapple leaves and apple fruits, and the opposite results were observed in RAV1-overexpressed crabapple leaves and apple fruits. Moreover, a yeast one-hybrid assay showed that RAP2-4 and RAV1 specifically bound the promoters of the PA biosynthetic genes McLAR1 and McANR2, respectively. These results indicate that RAP2-4 act as an inducer and RAV1 act as a repressor of PA biosynthesis by regulating the expression of the PA biosynthetic genes McLAR1 and McANR2. Taken together, we identified two potential regulators of PA biosynthesis and provide new insights into the ethylene-PA regulatory network.

Dataset Information

Characteristics of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase gene promoters from different leaf colored Malus crabapple cultivars.

Publications

Characteristics of dihydroflavonol 4-reductase gene promoters from different leaf colored <i>Malus</i> crabapple cultivars.

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