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Incidence of symptomatic A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza during the pandemic and post-pandemic periods in a rural Indian community.

ABSTRACT: Data on influenza illness rates with population denominators are needed to quantify overall morbidity and to prioritize public health intervention strategies.The rates of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection during pandemic phases were determined in a longitudinal community cohort study as part of an influenza vaccine study in a rural community of North India.During the 711,731 person-weeks of surveillance, a total of 1410/7571 (19%) febrile acute respiratory illness cases were positive for influenza. Of these, 749 (53%) were influenza A(H1N1)pdm09, 643 (46%) influenza B, and 18 (1%) influenza A (H3N2). The overall incidence rate of influenza-associated febrile acute respiratory illness was 128/1000 person-years. The incidence rates of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 were high during both the pandemic phase (179/1000 person-years; November 2009 to January 2010) and post-pandemic phase (156/1000 person-years; August to October 2010), with children<18 years of age being at the greatest risk of influenza infection in the community.These findings provide important information for planning clinical and public health intervention strategies to mitigate the impact of influenza epidemics.

SUBMITTER: Fowler KB

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5733120 | biostudies-literature | 2013 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Incidence of symptomatic A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza during the pandemic and post-pandemic periods in a rural Indian community.

Fowler Karen B KB Gupta Vivek V Sullender Wayne W Broor Shobha S Widdowson Marc-Alain MA Lal Renu B RB Krishnan Anand A

International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases 20130912 12

<h4>Background</h4>Data on influenza illness rates with population denominators are needed to quantify overall morbidity and to prioritize public health intervention strategies.<h4>Methods</h4>The rates of influenza A(H1N1)pdm09 infection during pandemic phases were determined in a longitudinal community cohort study as part of an influenza vaccine study in a rural community of North India.<h4>Results</h4>During the 711,731 person-weeks of surveillance, a total of 1410/7571 (19%) febrile acute r ...[more]

PMID: 24103331

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Project description:The aim of this study was to reconstruct the evolutionary dynamics of the A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza virus in Italy during two epidemic seasons (2009/2010 and 2010/2011) in the light of the forces driving the evolution of the virus. Nearly six thousands respiratory specimens were collected from patients with influenza-like illness within the framework of the Italian Influenza Surveillance Network, and the A(H1N1)pdm09 hemagglutinin (HA) gene was amplified and directly sequenced from 227 of these. Phylodynamic and phylogeographical analyses were made using a Bayesian Markov Chain Monte Carlo method, and codon-specific positive selection acting on the HA coding sequence was evaluated. The global and local phylogenetic analyses showed that all of the Italian sequences sampled in the post-pandemic (2010/2011) season grouped into at least four highly significant Italian clades, whereas those of the pandemic season (2009/2010) were interspersed with isolates from other countries at the tree root. The time of the most recent common ancestor of the strains circulating in the pandemic season in Italy was estimated to be between the spring and summer of 2009, whereas the Italian clades of the post-pandemic season originated in the spring of 2010 and showed radiation in the summer/autumn of the same year; this was confirmed by a Bayesian skyline plot showing the biphasic growth of the effective number of infections. The local phylogeography analysis showed that the first season of infection originated in Northern Italian localities with high density populations, whereas the second involved less densely populated localities, in line with a gravity-like model of geographical dispersion. Two HA sites, codons 97 and 222, were under positive selection. In conclusion, the A(H1N1)pdm09 virus was introduced into Italy in the spring of 2009 by means of multiple importations. This was followed by repeated founder effects in the post-pandemic period that originated specific Italian clades.

Dataset Information

Incidence of symptomatic A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza during the pandemic and post-pandemic periods in a rural Indian community.

Publications

Incidence of symptomatic A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza during the pandemic and post-pandemic periods in a rural Indian community.

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