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Average annual cost of Parkinson's disease in Sao Paulo, Brazil, with a focus on disease-related motor symptoms.

ABSTRACT: Although Parkinson's disease is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease worldwide, its cost in Brazil - South America's largest country - is unknown.The goal of this study was to calculate the average annual cost of Parkinson's disease in the city of São Paulo (Brazil), with a focus on disease-related motor symptoms.This was a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis using a bottom-up approach (ie, from the society's perspective). Patients (N=260) at two tertiary public health centers, who were residents of the São Paulo metropolitan area, completed standardized questionnaires regarding their disease-related expenses. We used simple and multiple generalized linear models to assess the correlations between total cost and patient-related, as well as disease-related variables.The total average annual cost of Parkinson's disease was estimated at US$5,853.50 per person, including US$3,172.00 in direct costs (medical and nonmedical) and US$2,681.50 in indirect costs. Costs were directly correlated with disease severity (including the degree of motor symptoms), patients' age, and time since disease onset.In this study, we determined the cost of Parkinson's disease in Brazil and observed that disease-related motor symptoms are a significant component of the costs incurred on the public health system, patients, and society in general.

SUBMITTER: Bovolenta TM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5734235 | biostudies-literature | 2017

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Average annual cost of Parkinson's disease in São Paulo, Brazil, with a focus on disease-related motor symptoms.

Bovolenta Tânia M TM de Azevedo Silva Sônia Maria Cesar SMC Saba Roberta Arb RA Borges Vanderci V Ferraz Henrique Ballalai HB Felicio Andre C AC

Clinical interventions in aging 20171214

<h4>Background</h4>Although Parkinson's disease is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease worldwide, its cost in Brazil - South America's largest country - is unknown.<h4>Objective</h4>The goal of this study was to calculate the average annual cost of Parkinson's disease in the city of São Paulo (Brazil), with a focus on disease-related motor symptoms.<h4>Subjects and methods</h4>This was a retrospective, cross-sectional analysis using a bottom-up approach (ie, from the society's pe ...[more]

PMID: 29276379

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Project description:To estimate the prevalence of one month psychotropic drug use in São Paulo, Brazil, and to assess the gap treatment between the presence of mental disorders and psychotropic drug users.A probabilistic sample of non-institutionalized individuals from the general population of São Paulo (n = 2336; turnout: 84.5%) who were 15 years or older were interviewed by a trained research staff, applying the Composite International Diagnostic Interview 2.1 (CIDI WHO) (depression, anxiety-phobia, OCD\PTSD, alcoholism sections), and an inventory investigating psychotropic drug use during the 12-month and one-month periods immediately preceding the interview. Logistic models were fitted to investigate associations between psychotropic drug use as well as socio-demographic and clinical variables.The one month prevalence of psychotropic drug use in São Paulo was 5.89%, the most commonly used drugs were antidepressants (3.15%) and tranquilizers (2.67%). A higher consumption of psychotropic drugs (overall, antidepressants and tranquilizers) was observed among women (OR:2.42), older individuals (OR:1.04), individuals with higher levels of formal education (1.06), and individuals with a family (OR:2.29) or personal history of mental illness (OR:3.27). The main psychotropic drug prescribers were psychiatrists (41%), followed by general practitioners (30%); 60% of psychotropic drugs were obtained through a government-run dispensing program. Most individuals who obtained a positive diagnosis on the CIDI 2.1 during the previous month were not using psychotropic medication (85%). Among individuals with a diagnosis of moderate to severe depression, 67.5% were not on any pharmacological treatment.There is a change in the type of psychotropic more often used in São Paulo, from benzodiazepines to antidepressants, this event is observed in different cultures. The prevalence of use is similar to other developing countries. Most of the patients presenting a psychiatric illness in the month prior to testing were not receiving any sort of psychiatric medication. This may be explained by a failure to identify cases in primary care, which could be improved (and access to treatment could be facilitated) if professionals received more specialized training in managing cases with mental health problems.

Dataset Information

Average annual cost of Parkinson's disease in Sao Paulo, Brazil, with a focus on disease-related motor symptoms.

Publications

Average annual cost of Parkinson's disease in São Paulo, Brazil, with a focus on disease-related motor symptoms.

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