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Evidence for a primate origin of zoonotic Helicobacter suis colonizing domesticated pigs.

ABSTRACT: Helicobacter suis is the second most prevalent Helicobacter species in the stomach of humans suffering from gastric disease. This bacterium mainly inhabits the stomach of domesticated pigs, in which it causes gastric disease, but it appears to be absent in wild boars. Interestingly, it also colonizes the stomach of asymptomatic rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys. The origin of modern human-, pig- or non-human primate-associated H. suis strains in these respective host populations was hitherto unknown. Here we show that H. suis in pigs possibly originates from non-human primates. Our data suggest that a host jump from macaques to pigs happened between 100?000 and 15?000 years ago and that pig domestication has had a significant impact on the spread of H. suis in the pig population, from where this pathogen occasionally infects humans. Thus, in contrast to our expectations, H. suis appears to have evolved in its main host in a completely different way than its close relative Helicobacter pylori in humans.

SUBMITTER: Flahou B

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5739005 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Evidence for a primate origin of zoonotic Helicobacter suis colonizing domesticated pigs.

Flahou Bram B Rossi Mirko M Bakker Jaco J Langermans Jan Am JA Heuvelman Edwin E Solnick Jay V JV Martin Miriam E ME O'Rourke Jani J Ngoan Le Duc LD Hoa Nguyen Xuan NX Nakamura Masahiko M Øverby Anders A Matsui Hidenori H Ota Hiroyoshi H Matsumoto Takehisa T Foss Dennis L DL Kopta Laurice A LA Omotosho Oladipo O Franciosini Maria Pia MP Casagrande Proietti Patrizia P Guo Aizhen A Liu Han H Borilova Gabriela G Bracarense Ana Paula AP Lindén Sara K SK De Bruyckere Sofie S Zhang Guangzhi G De Witte Chloë C Smet Annemieke A Pasmans Frank F Ducatelle Richard R Corander Jukka J Haesebrouck Freddy F

The ISME journal 20170908 1

Helicobacter suis is the second most prevalent Helicobacter species in the stomach of humans suffering from gastric disease. This bacterium mainly inhabits the stomach of domesticated pigs, in which it causes gastric disease, but it appears to be absent in wild boars. Interestingly, it also colonizes the stomach of asymptomatic rhesus and cynomolgus monkeys. The origin of modern human-, pig- or non-human primate-associated H. suis strains in these respective host populations was hitherto unknown ...[more]

PMID: 28885626

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Project description:Recently, a new 16S ribosomal DNA-based PCR assay was developed for the specific detection of "Candidatus Helicobacter suis" (former "Gastrospirillum suis") in porcine gastric samples. In the present study, this PCR assay was compared to three other invasive diagnostic methods (rapid urease test, immunohistochemistry, histologic analysis by Giemsa staining). Antral stomach samples from 200 slaughterhouse pigs from Belgium and The Netherlands were examined. Bacterial presence was determined in 77% (154 of 200) of the samples by PCR in combination with Southern blot hybridization, 56% (111 of 200) of the samples by immunohistochemistry, 61% (122 of 200) of the samples by urease testing (20 h postinoculation [p.i.]), 36% (71 of 200) of the samples by urease testing (3 h p.i.), and 33% (65 of 200) of the samples by Giemsa staining. The intrinsic specificity of the PCR assay was assessed by Southern blot analysis with an "Candidatus H. suis"-specific probe and sequencing of PCR products. Interassay sensitivity and specificity values were assessed for each test by pairwise comparisons between tests. Agreement between tests was evaluated by calculating Cohen's kappa coefficient. From that analysis, the PCR assay was considered the most reliable benchmark. Microscopic detection of immunohistochemically labeled or Giemsa-stained "Candidatus H. suis" cells in stomach sections proved to be highly specific (100%) but relatively insensitive (72 and 42%, respectively) compared to the PCR assay. A longer incubation time of the urease test improved its sensitivity considerably (74 versus 55%) but was accompanied by a loss of specificity (72 versus 93%). In conclusion, we found the "Candidatus H. suis"-specific PCR assay to be a sensitive and reliable diagnostic method for the detection of "Candidatus H. suis" in the stomachs of pigs and could prove to be a valuable tool for further epidemiological studies both for "Candidatus H. suis"- and for "Helicobacter heilmannii" type 1-related research.

Dataset Information

Evidence for a primate origin of zoonotic Helicobacter suis colonizing domesticated pigs.

Publications

Evidence for a primate origin of zoonotic Helicobacter suis colonizing domesticated pigs.

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