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Personality change across the life span: Insights from a cross-cultural, longitudinal study.

ABSTRACT: OBJECTIVE:Personality traits are characterized by both stability and change across the life span. Many of the mechanisms hypothesized to cause personality change (e.g., the timing of various social roles, physical health, and cultural values) differ considerably across culture. Moreover, personality consistency is valued highly in Western societies, but less so in non-Western societies. Few studies have examined how personality changes differently across cultures. METHOD:We employed a multilevel modeling approach to examine age-related changes in Big Five personality traits in two large panel studies of Americans (n?=?6,259; Mage ?=?46.85; 52.5% female) and Japanese (n?=?1,021; Mage ?=?54.28; 50.9% female). Participants filled out personality measures twice, over either a 9-year interval (for Americans) or a 4-year period (for Japanese). RESULTS:Changes in Agreeableness and Openness to Experience did not systematically vary across cultures; changes in Extraversion, Neuroticism, and Conscientiousness did vary across cultures. Further, Japanese show significantly greater fluctuation in the level of all the traits tested over time than Americans. CONCLUSIONS:The culture-specific social, ecological, and life-course factors that are associated with personality change are discussed.

SUBMITTER: Chopik WJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5742083 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Personality change across the life span: Insights from a cross-cultural, longitudinal study.

Chopik William J WJ Kitayama Shinobu S

Journal of personality 20170729 3

<h4>Objective</h4>Personality traits are characterized by both stability and change across the life span. Many of the mechanisms hypothesized to cause personality change (e.g., the timing of various social roles, physical health, and cultural values) differ considerably across culture. Moreover, personality consistency is valued highly in Western societies, but less so in non-Western societies. Few studies have examined how personality changes differently across cultures.<h4>Method</h4>We employ ...[more]

PMID: 28646503

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Project description:BackgroundSELENON(SEPN1)-related myopathy (SELENON-RM) is a rare congenital neuromuscular disease characterized by proximal and axial muscle weakness, spinal rigidity, scoliosis and respiratory impairment. No curative treatment options exist, but promising preclinical studies are ongoing. Currently, natural history data are lacking, while selection of appropriate clinical and functional outcome measures is needed to reach trial readiness.ObjectiveWe aim to identify all Dutch and Dutch-speaking Belgian SELENON-RM patients, deep clinical phenotyping, trial readiness and optimization of clinical care.MethodsThis cross-sectional, single-center, observational study comprised neurological examination, functional measurements including Motor Function Measurement 20/32 (MFM-20/32) and accelerometry, questionnaires, muscle ultrasound, respiratory function tests, electro- and echocardiography, and dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry.ResultsEleven patients with genetically confirmed SELENON-RM were included (20±13 (3-42) years, 73% male). Axial and proximal muscle weakness were most pronounced. The mean MFM-20/32 score was 71.2±15.1%, with domain 1 (standing and transfers) being most severely affected. Accelerometry showed a strong correlation with MFM-20/32. Questionnaires revealed impaired quality of life, pain and problematic fatigue. Muscle ultrasound showed symmetrically increased echogenicity in all muscles. Respiratory function, and particularly diaphragm function, was impaired in all patients, irrespective of the age. Cardiac assessment showed normal left ventricular systolic function in all patients but abnormal left ventricular global longitudinal strain in 43% of patients and QRS fragmentation in 80%. Further, 80% of patients showed decreased bone mineral density on dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scan and 55% of patients retrospectively experienced fragility long bone fractures.ConclusionsWe recommend cardiorespiratory follow-up as a part of routine clinical care in all patients. Furthermore, we advise vitamin D supplementation and optimization of calcium intake to improve bone quality. We recommend management interventions to reduce pain and fatigue. For future clinical trials, we propose MFM-20/32, accelerometry and muscle ultrasound to capture disease severity and possibly disease progression.

Dataset Information

Personality change across the life span: Insights from a cross-cultural, longitudinal study.

Publications

Personality change across the life span: Insights from a cross-cultural, longitudinal study.

Similar Datasets

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