Dataset Information

R/K-like trade-off and voltinism discreteness: The implication to allochronic speciation in the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea complex (Arctiidae).

ABSTRACT: North America has distinct types of Hyphantria moths (Arctiidae) characterized by red (RD)- and black (BL)-headed larvae, of which the taxonomic status is unresolved. Genetic divergence of 26 populations, based on 710 bp of the mtCOI sequence, showed two phylogenetic lineages, which could not be connected in the haplotype network with 95% confidence. The two lineages are separated by 3.1% sequence divergence and should be considered for full species status. The estimated split occurred 1.2-1.6 million years ago. The range of the RD type covered most of the continent, whereas that of the BL type was limited to eastern deciduous forests. Several biological characteristics were differentiated in the zone of cohabitation where BL had more annual generations than RD. Spring emergence of BL precedes that of RD in the field by at least 1 month, because the diapause in BL was shallow, whereas it was deep in RD. Voltinism requires discreteness of numbers, which functions as a sink of hybrids between the two parental lines that have distinct but equally adaptive reproductive strategies; BL may be more r-strategist-like and RD more K-strategist-like, because fast-developing BL has multivoltine life cycle, investing less silk proteins as the round-the-clock feeder, and slow-developing RD univoltine one investing more silk as the nocturnal feeder. Also, intensity of diapause, deep in RD and weak in BL, was grossly different, which may enforce segregation of spring adults. Allochronic speciation avoiding coincidental occurrence of adult stages is therefore the most likely scenario. Because the adults never meet in nature, large morphological differentiation is not required.

SUBMITTER: Yang F

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5743571 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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r/K-like trade-off and voltinism discreteness: The implication to allochronic speciation in the fall webworm, <i>Hyphantria cunea</i> complex (Arctiidae).

Yang Fan F Kawabata Eriko E Tufail Muhammad M Brown John J JJ Takeda Makio M

Ecology and evolution 20171104 24

North America has distinct types of <i>Hyphantria</i> moths (Arctiidae) characterized by red (RD)- and black (BL)-headed larvae, of which the taxonomic status is unresolved. Genetic divergence of 26 populations, based on 710 bp of the mtCOI sequence, showed two phylogenetic lineages, which could not be connected in the haplotype network with 95% confidence. The two lineages are separated by 3.1% sequence divergence and should be considered for full species status. The estimated split occurred 1. ...[more]

PMID: 29299241

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Project description:The complete mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea (Lepidoptera: Arctiidae) was determined. The genome is a circular molecule 15 481 bp long. It presents a typical gene organization and order for completely sequenced lepidopteran mitogenomes, but differs from the insect ancestral type for the placement of tRNA(Met). The nucleotide composition of the genome is also highly A + T biased, accounting for 80.38%, with a slightly positive AT skewness (0.010), indicating the occurrence of more As than Ts, as found in the Noctuoidea species. All protein-coding genes (PCGs) are initiated by ATN codons, except for COI, which is tentatively designated by the CGA codon as observed in other lepidopterans. Four of 13 PCGs harbor the incomplete termination codon, T or TA. All tRNAs have a typical clover-leaf structure of mitochondrial tRNAs, except for tRNA(Ser)(AGN), the DHU arm of which could not form a stable stem-loop structure. The intergenic spacer sequence between tRNA(Ser)(AGN) and ND1 also contains the ATACTAA motif, which is conserved across the Lepidoptera order. The H. cunea A+T-rich region of 357 bp is comprised of non-repetitive sequences, but harbors several features common to the Lepidoptera insects, including the motif ATAGA followed by an 18 bp poly-T stretch, a microsatellite-like (AT)(8) element preceded by the ATTTA motif, an 11 bp poly-A present immediately upstream tRNA(Met). The phylogenetic analyses support the view that the H. cunea is closerly related to the Lymantria dispar than Ochrogaster lunifer, and support the hypothesis that Noctuoidea (H. cunea, L. dispar, and O. lunifer) and Geometroidea (Phthonandria atrilineata) are monophyletic. However, in the phylogenetic trees based on mitogenome sequences among the lepidopteran superfamilies, Papillonoidea (Artogeia melete, Acraea issoria, and Coreana raphaelis) joined basally within the monophyly of Lepidoptera, which is different to the traditional classification.

Project description:BackgroundBaculoviruses act as effective biological control agents against the invasive pest Hyphantria cunea Drury. In this study, two Chinese Hyphantria cunea nucleopolyhedrovirus (HycuNPV) isolates, HycuNPV-BJ and HycuNPV-HB, were deep sequenced and compared with the Japanese isolate, HycuNPV-N9, to determine whole-genome level diversity and evolutionary history.ResultsThe divergence of the phylogenetic tree and the K2P distances based on 38 core-gene concatenated alignment revealed that two Chinese HycuNPV isolates were a novel species of Alphabaculovirus that infected Hyphantria cunea in China. The gene contents indicated significant differences in the HycuNPV genomes between the Chinese and Japanese isolates. The differences included gene deletions, acquisitions and structural transversions, but the main difference was the high number of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). In total, 10,393 SNPs, corresponding to approximately 8% of the entire HycuNPV-N9 genome sequence, were detected in the aligned reads. By analyzing non-synonymous variants, we found that hotspot mutation-containing genes had mainly unknown functions and most were early expressing genes. We found that the hycu78 gene which had early and late promoter was under positive selection. Biological activity assays revealed that the infectivity of HycuNPV-HB was greater than that of HycuNPV-BJ, and the killing speed of HycuNPV-HB was faster than that of HycuNPV-BJ. A comparison of molecular genetic characteristics indicated that the virulence differences between the two isolates were affected by SNP and structural variants, especially the homologous repeat regions.ConclusionsThe genomes of the two Chinese HycuNPV isolates were characterized, they belonged to a novel species of Alphabaculovirus that infected Hyphantria cunea in China. We inferred that the loss or gain of genetic material in the HycuNPV-HB and HycuNPV-BJ genomes resulted in new important adaptive capabilities to the H. cunea host. These results extend the current understanding of the genetic diversity of HycuNPV and will be useful for improving the applicability of this virus as a biological control agent.

Dataset Information

R/K-like trade-off and voltinism discreteness: The implication to allochronic speciation in the fall webworm, Hyphantria cunea complex (Arctiidae).

Publications

r/K-like trade-off and voltinism discreteness: The implication to allochronic speciation in the fall webworm, <i>Hyphantria cunea</i> complex (Arctiidae).

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