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Study of Perfluorophosphonic Acid Surface Modifications on Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles.

ABSTRACT: In this study, perfluorinated phosphonic acid modifications were utilized to modify zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles because they create a more stable surface due to the electronegativity of the perfluoro head group. Specifically, 12-pentafluorophenoxydodecylphosphonic acid, 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzylphosphonic acid, and (1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorododecyl)phosphonic acid have been used to form thin films on the nanoparticle surfaces. The modified nanoparticles were then characterized using infrared spectroscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Dynamic light scattering and scanning electron microscopy-energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were utilized to determine the particle size of the nanoparticles before and after modification, and to analyze the film coverage on the ZnO surfaces, respectively. Zeta potential measurements were obtained to determine the stability of the ZnO nanoparticles. It was shown that the surface charge increased as the alkyl chain length increases. This study shows that modifying the ZnO nanoparticles with perfluorinated groups increases the stability of the phosphonic acids adsorbed on the surfaces. Thermogravimetric analysis was used to distinguish between chemically and physically bound films on the modified nanoparticles. The higher weight loss for 12-pentafluorophenoxydodecylphosphonic acid and (1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorododecyl)phosphonic acid modifications corresponds to a higher surface concentration of the modifications, and, ideally, higher surface coverage. While previous studies have shown how phosphonic acids interact with the surfaces of ZnO, the aim of this study was to understand how the perfluorinated groups can tune the surface properties of the nanoparticles.

SUBMITTER: Quinones R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5744298 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Study of Perfluorophosphonic Acid Surface Modifications on Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles.

Quiñones Rosalynn R Shoup Deben D Behnke Grayce G Peck Cynthia C Agarwal Sushant S Gupta Rakesh K RK Fagan Jonathan W JW Mueller Karl T KT Iuliucci Robbie J RJ Wang Qiang Q

Materials (Basel, Switzerland) 20171128 12

In this study, perfluorinated phosphonic acid modifications were utilized to modify zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles because they create a more stable surface due to the electronegativity of the perfluoro head group. Specifically, 12-pentafluorophenoxydodecylphosphonic acid, 2,3,4,5,6-pentafluorobenzylphosphonic acid, and (1H,1H,2H,2H-perfluorododecyl)phosphonic acid have been used to form thin films on the nanoparticle surfaces. The modified nanoparticles were then characterized using infrared sp ...[more]

PMID: 29182559

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Project description:Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are widely used in a variety of products, thus understanding their health and environmental impacts is necessary to appropriately manage their risks. To keep pace with the rapid increase in products utilizing engineered ZnO NPs, rapid in silico toxicity test methods based on knowledge of comprehensive in vivo and in vitro toxic responses are beneficial in determining potential nanoparticle impacts. To achieve or enhance their desired function, chemical modifications are often performed on the NPs surface; however, the roles of these alterations play in determining the toxicity of ZnO NPs are still not well understood. As such, we investigated the toxicity of 17 diverse ZnO NPs varying in both size and surface chemistry to developing zebrafish (exposure concentrations ranging from 0.016 to 250 mg/L). Despite assessing a suite of 19 different developmental, behavioural and morphological endpoints in addition to mortality in this study, mortality was the most common endpoint observed for all of the ZnO NP types tested. ZnO NPs with surface chemical modification, regardless of the type, resulted in mortality at 24 hours post-fertilization (hpf) while uncoated particles did not induce significant mortality until 120 hpf. Using eight intrinsic chemical properties that relate to the outermost surface chemistry of the engineered ZnO nanoparticles, the highly dimensional toxicity data were converted to a 2-dimensional data set through principal component analysis (PCA). Euclidean distance was used to partition different NPs into several groups based on converted data (score) which were directly related to changes in the outermost surface chemistry. Kriging estimations were then used to develop a contour map based on mortality data as a response. This study illustrates how the intrinsic properties of NPs, including surface chemical modifications and capping agents, are useful to separate and identify ZnO NP toxicity to zebrafish (Danio rerio).

Project description:BackgroundSeed germination is a critical stage in plant life, and recent practices use nanomaterials for the improvement of plant seed germination indices. This study was conducted to assess the effect of laboratory prepared zinc oxide nanoparticles on the physiological and biochemical changes of lettuce seeds.MethodsLettuce seeds were soaked in a suspension of moderately polydisperse zinc oxide nanoparticles at two different concentrations (25 ppm or 50 ppm) and shaken for 3 h at 25 °C. Seeds treatment was followed subsequently by two to three days drying at ambient conditions. Treated seeds were stored for 3-4 weeks, at ambient conditions and then tested for germination in petri dishes. Germination was observed on daily basis and seedling length was measured. After imbibition and before the start of the visible germination, seeds were examined for topography and surface analysis using the scanning electron microscope and zinc uptake was measured by using the atomic absorption spectrometry and the energy dispersive X-ray. The pattern of mobilization of biomolecules was analyzed to detect any differences among different seed groups.ResultsThere was no loss of viability for the nanoparticles treated seeds. Indeed their germination was enhanced and their biomass increased. The activated performance of the nanoparticles imbibed seeds has been found to be correlated with an increased level of Zn inside lettuce seeds. The recorded measurements show a significant enhancement of seedling length. Interaction of zinc oxide nanoparticles with lettuce seeds mediates a variation in the biochemical processes. Changes detected in treated seeds were as following: reduced levels of the total carbohydrates (including simple saccharides and polysaccharides), higher capacity of protein synthesis, an elevated level of starch as well as an increased activity of antioxidant enzymes.Discussion and conclusionLettuce seeds primed with ZnO nanoparticles were found not only to maintain seed viability but even to exhibit a detectable level of germination enhancement compared to the control seeds. Overall, the promoted response of lettuce seeds during early stages of seed growth is encouraging for the application of ZnO NPs for seed priming for better germination indices.

Dataset Information

Study of Perfluorophosphonic Acid Surface Modifications on Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles.

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Study of Perfluorophosphonic Acid Surface Modifications on Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles.

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