Dataset Information

Estimates of Soil Ingestion in a Population of Chinese Children.

ABSTRACT:

Background

China's soil pollution poses serious health risks. However, data regarding the soil ingestion rate (SIR) of the Chinese population, which is critical to assessing associated health risks, are lacking.

Objectives

We estimated soil ingestion of 177 Chinese children from Guangdong, Hubei, and Gansu Provinces.

Methods

We conducted this investigation by employing a tracer mass-balance method. We collected a duplicate of all food consumed and all feces and urine excreted on 1 d (n=153) and over 3 consecutive d (n=24), as well as soil samples from play areas and drinking-water samples. We analyzed concentrations of the tracer elements Al, Ba, Ce, Mn, Sc, Ti, V, and Y in these samples using ICP-AES and ICP-MS and estimated the SIR for each subject.

Results

The estimated SIR data based on each tracer element were characterized by a skewed distribution, as well as higher inter-tracer and inter-subject variation, with several outliers. After removing the outliers, daily SIR median (range) values in milligrams per day were Al, 27.8 (?42.0?to?257.3); Ba, 36.5?(?230.3?to?412.7); Ce, 35.3?(?21.2?to?225.8); Mn, 146.6?(?1259.4?to?1827.7); Sc, 54.8?(?4.5?to?292.0); Ti, 36.7?(?233.7?to?687.0); V, 92.1?(10.4?to?308.0); and Y, 59.1?(?18.4?to?283.0). Daily SIR median/95th percentile (range) values based on the best tracer method (BTM) were 51.7/216.6?(?9.5?to?297.6)?mg/d.

Conclusions

Based on the BTM, recommended SIR values for the general population of Chinese children (2.5 to 12 years old) are 52 mg/d for the central tendency and 217 mg/d for the upper percentile. We did not differentiate between outside soil and indoor dust. Considering the lower concentration of tracer elements in indoor dust than outside soil, actual soil and dust ingestion rates could be higher. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP930.

SUBMITTER: Lin C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5744705 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Jul

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Estimates of Soil Ingestion in a Population of Chinese Children.

Lin Chunye C Wang Beibei B Cui Xiaoyong X Xu Dongqun D Cheng Hongguang H Wang Qin Q Ma Jin J Chai Tuanyao T Duan Xiaoli X Liu Xitao X Ma Junwei J Zhang Xuan X Liu Yanzhong Y

Environmental health perspectives 20170705 7

<h4>Background</h4>China's soil pollution poses serious health risks. However, data regarding the soil ingestion rate (SIR) of the Chinese population, which is critical to assessing associated health risks, are lacking.<h4>Objectives</h4>We estimated soil ingestion of 177 Chinese children from Guangdong, Hubei, and Gansu Provinces.<h4>Methods</h4>We conducted this investigation by employing a tracer mass-balance method. We collected a duplicate of all food consumed and all feces and urine excret ...[more]

PMID: 28728141

Similar Datasets

Project description:BackgroundSoil and dust ingestion can be a primary route of environmental exposures. Studies have shown that young children are more vulnerable to incidental soil and dust ingestion. However, available data to develop soil and dust ingestion rates for some child-specific age groups are either lacking or uncertain.ObjectiveOur objective was to use the Stochastic Human Exposure and Dose Simulation Soil and Dust (SHEDS-Soil/Dust) model to estimate distributions of soil and dust ingestion rates for ten age ranges from infancy to late adolescents (birth to 21 years).MethodsWe developed approaches for modeling age groups previously not studied, including a new exposure scenario for infants to capture exposures to indoor dust via pacifier use and accounting for use of blankets that act as a barrier to soil and dust exposure.ResultsOverall mean soil and dust ingestion rates ranged from ~35 mg/day (infants, 0-<6 m) to ~60 mg/day (toddlers and young children, 6m-<11 yr) and were considerably lower (about 20 mg/day) for teenagers and late adolescents (16-<21 y). The pacifier use scenario contributed about 20 mg/day to the median dust ingestion rate for young infants. Except for the infant age groups, seasonal analysis showed that the modeled estimates of average summer mean daily total soil plus dust ingestion rates were about 50% higher than the values predicted for the winter months. Pacifier use factors and carpet dust loading values were drivers of exposure for infants and younger children. For older children, influential variables included carpet dust loading, soil adherence, and factors that capture the frequency and intensity of hand-to-mouth behaviors.SignificanceThese results provide modeled estimates of children's soil and dust ingestion rates for use in decision making using real-world exposure considerations.Impact statementThe parameterization of scenarios to capture infant soil and dust ingestion and the application of SHEDS-Soil/Dust to a broader age range of children provides additional estimates of soil and dust ingestion rates that are useful in refining population-based risk assessments. These data illuminate drivers of exposure that are useful to both risk management applications and for designing future studies that improve upon existing tracer methodologies.

Dataset Information

Estimates of Soil Ingestion in a Population of Chinese Children.

Background

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Estimates of Soil Ingestion in a Population of Chinese Children.

Similar Datasets

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