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Incidence trends of lung cancer by immigration status among Chinese Americans.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death among Chinese Americans. A detailed examination of incidence trends by immigration status and histology may inform the etiology of lung cancer in this growing population. METHODS:California Cancer Registry data were enhanced with data on patient nativity. Lung cancer incidence rates for Chinese males and females were computed for the years 1990-2010, and rates by immigration status and histology were computed for 1990-2004. Trends were assessed with annual percentage change (APC) statistics (two-sided P values) based on linear regression. RESULTS:A total of 8,167 lung cancers were diagnosed among California Chinese from 1990 to 2010. Overall incidence increased nonstatistically among U.S.-born males (APC, 2.1; 95% CI, -4.9 to 9.7), but decreased significantly among foreign-born (APC, -1.7; 95% CI, -2.9 to -0.6). Statistically significant decreasing trends were observed for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), specifically the squamous cell and large cell carcinoma subtypes among foreign-born males. Among females, incidence decreased nonsignificantly among U.S.-born (APC, -2.8; 95% CI, -9.1 to 4.0) but was stable among foreign-born (APC, -0.4; 95% CI, -1.7 to 1.0). A statistically significant decreasing trend was observed for squamous cell among foreign-born females. CONCLUSIONS:These data provide critical evidence base to inform screening, research, and public health priorities in this growing population. IMPACT:Given the low smoking prevalence among Chinese Americans, especially females, and few known lung cancer risk factors in U.S. never-smoker populations, additional research of etiologic genetic or biologic factors may elucidate knowledge regarding lung cancer diagnosed in never smokers.

SUBMITTER: Gomez SL

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5746176 | biostudies-literature | 2015 Aug

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Incidence trends of lung cancer by immigration status among Chinese Americans.

Gomez Scarlett Lin SL Yang Juan J Lin Shih-Wen SW McCusker Margaret M Sandler Alan A Cheng Iona I Wakelee Heather A HA Patel Manali M Clarke Christina A CA

Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology 20150519 8

<h4>Background</h4>Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related death among Chinese Americans. A detailed examination of incidence trends by immigration status and histology may inform the etiology of lung cancer in this growing population.<h4>Methods</h4>California Cancer Registry data were enhanced with data on patient nativity. Lung cancer incidence rates for Chinese males and females were computed for the years 1990-2010, and rates by immigration status and histology were computed for ...[more]

PMID: 25990553

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Project description:ImportanceHead and neck cancer (HNC) incidence varies worldwide, although it remains one of the most common cancers among those of East Asian and South Asian ethnicity.ObjectiveTo determine the association of Chinese and South Asian ethnicity, independent of immigration status, with HNC incidence.Design, setting, and participantsThis was a retrospective population-based matched cohort study that examined data collected between 1994 and 2017 in Ontario, Canada. Data were analyzed between July 2019 and March 2020. Individuals who immigrated to Canada between 1985 and 2017 were classified as immigrants, whereas Canadian-born individuals and those who immigrated prior to 1985 were classified as long-standing residents. Two separate, matched cohorts were created: an immigration cohort, consisting of immigrants and long-standing residents hard matched on age and sex, and an ethnicity cohort, where participants were further matched on ethnicity (Chinese, South Asian, or non-Chinese/non-South Asian).ExposuresChinese ethnicity, South Asian ethnicity, and immigration status.Main outcomes and measuresPatients newly diagnosed with primary HNC were captured in both the immigration and the ethnicity cohorts. Cause-specific hazard models were used to estimate the association of immigration status and ethnicity with HNC incidence.ResultsIn the immigration cohort, 3 328 434 matched individuals (mean [SD] age, 36.73 [13.46] years; 52.8% female) were followed, across which 3173 unique HNC diagnoses were made. The hazard ratio (HR) for a new diagnosis of oropharynx cancer was lower in immigrants compared with long-standing residents (HR, 0.26 [95% CI, 0.22-0.31]). In the ethnicity cohort, after adjusting for age, sex, rurality, and deprivation, the rate of HNC diagnosis was higher for Chinese individuals (HR, 1.49 [95% CI, 1.36-1.64]) and South Asian individuals (HR, 1.29 [95% CI, 1.14-1.45]), although it was lower for immigrants (HR, 0.48 [95% CI, 0.44-0.52]) when compared with non-Chinese and non-South Asian individuals. There was no difference in the incidence of nasopharynx cancer when comparing immigrants and long-standing residents of Chinese ethnicity.Conclusions and relevanceImmigration status appears to offer a protective effect against a diagnosis of HNC. Chinese and South Asian ethnic groups may experience higher HNC incidence when compared with the general Ontario population.

Project description:BackgroundWesternization and etiologic heterogeneity may play a role in the rising breast cancer incidence in Asian American (AA) women. We report breast cancer incidence in Asian-origin populations.MethodsUsing a specialized Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results-9 Plus API Database (1990-2014), we analyzed breast cancer incidence overall, by estrogen receptor (ER) status, and age group among non-Hispanic white (NHW) and AA women. We used age-period-cohort models to assess time trends and quantify heterogeneity by ER status, race and ethnicity, and age.ResultsOverall, breast cancer incidence increased for most AA ethnicities (Filipina: estimated annual percentage change [EAPC] = 0.96%/year, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.61% to 1.32%; South Asian: EAPC = 1.68%/year, 95% CI = 0.24% to 3.13%; Chinese: EAPC = 0.65%/year, 95% CI = 0.03% to 1.27%; Korean: EAPC = 2.55%/year, 95% CI = 0.13% to 5.02%; and Vietnamese women: EAPC = 0.88%/year, 95% CI = 0.37% to 1.38%); rates did not change for NHW (EAPC = -0.2%/year, 95% CI = -0.73% to 0.33%) or Japanese women (EAPC = 0.22%/year, 95% CI = -1.26% to 1.72%). For most AA ethnicities, ER-positive rates statistically significantly increased, whereas ER-negative rates statistically significantly decreased. Among older women, ER-positive rates were stable for NHW and Japanese women. ER-negative rates decreased fastest in NHW and Japanese women among both age groups.ConclusionsIncreasing ER-positive incidence is driving an increase overall for most AA women despite declining ER-negative incidence. The similar trends in NHW and Japanese women (vs other AA ethnic groups) highlight the need to better understand the influences of westernization and other etiologic factors on breast cancer incidence patterns in AA women. Heterogeneous trends among AA ethnicities underscore the importance of disaggregating AA data and studying how breast cancer differentially affects the growing populations of diverse AA ethnic groups.

Dataset Information

Incidence trends of lung cancer by immigration status among Chinese Americans.

Publications

Incidence trends of lung cancer by immigration status among Chinese Americans.

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