Dataset Information

The Native Hawaiian Insect Microbiome Initiative: A Critical Perspective for Hawaiian Insect Evolution.

ABSTRACT: Insects associate with a diversity of microbes that can shape host ecology and diversity by providing essential biological and adaptive services. For most insect groups, the evolutionary implications of host-microbe interactions remain poorly understood. Geographically discrete areas with high biodiversity offer powerful, simplified model systems to better understand insect-microbe interactions. Hawaii boasts a diverse endemic insect fauna (~6000 species) characterized by spectacular adaptive radiations. Despite this, little is known about the role of bacteria in shaping this diversity. To address this knowledge gap, we inaugurate the Native Hawaiian Insect Microbiome Initiative (NHIMI). The NHIMI is an effort intended to develop a framework for informing evolutionary and biological studies in Hawaii. To initiate this effort, we have sequenced the bacterial microbiomes of thirteen species representing iconic, endemic Hawaiian insect groups. Our results show that native Hawaiian insects associate with a diversity of bacteria that exhibit a wide phylogenetic breadth. Several groups show predictable associations with obligate microbes that permit diet specialization. Others exhibit unique ecological transitions that are correlated with shifts in their microbiomes (e.g., transition to carrion feeding from plant-feeding in Nysius wekiuicola). Finally, some groups, such as the Hawaiian Drosophila, have relatively diverse microbiomes with a conserved core of bacterial taxa across multiple species and islands.

SUBMITTER: Poff KE

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5746813 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The Native Hawaiian Insect Microbiome Initiative: A Critical Perspective for Hawaiian Insect Evolution.

Poff Kirsten E KE Stever Heather H Reil Jonathan B JB Seabourn Priscilla P Ching Alexander J AJ Aoki Sayaka S Logan Mitchel M Michalski Jennifer R JR Santamaria Jessika J Adams Jesse W JW Eiben Jesse A JA Yew Joanne Y JY Ewing Curtis P CP Magnacca Karl N KN Bennett Gordon M GM

Insects 20171219 4

Insects associate with a diversity of microbes that can shape host ecology and diversity by providing essential biological and adaptive services. For most insect groups, the evolutionary implications of host-microbe interactions remain poorly understood. Geographically discrete areas with high biodiversity offer powerful, simplified model systems to better understand insect-microbe interactions. Hawaii boasts a diverse endemic insect fauna (~6000 species) characterized by spectacular adaptive ra ...[more]

PMID: 29257089

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Project description:ImportanceHaving diverse participants in clinical trials ensures new drug products work well across different demographic groups, making health care safer and more effective for everyone. Information on the extent of Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander participation in clinical trials is limited.ObjectiveTo examine representation of Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islanders in clinical trials leading to the first US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approvals for the 10 drug products with the top worldwide sales forecasts in 2024.Design, setting, and participantsCross-sectional secondary analysis of existing data from clinical trials that took place from 2006 to 2021 in the US. All clinical trials that were included in the FDA first approval application for the 10 drug products were evaluated in this study. Data were analyzed from February to August 2024.ExposureParticipation in a clinical drug trial.Main outcomes and measuresComparison of the proportion of Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander participation in clinical trials for the 10 drug products with top sales forecasts in 2024 to the Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander population proportion.ResultsIn this cross-sectional study of 139 062 individuals, Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander participation in clinical trials for the 10 drug products with top sales forecasts was either unknown or low. For 6 of the 10 drug products (60%), the number of Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander participants was not documented. All trials that reported Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander participation had fewer Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander participants than would be expected based on their US population proportion, with 2 of the differences being statistically significant. Of the trials that disaggregated Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander participants from other racial groups, the number of Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander participants was 8 for risankizumab-rzaa (0.38% of participants vs 0.49% of the population; percentage point difference, -0.11%; 95% CI, -0.37% to -0.15%), 7 for bictegravir/emtricitabine/tenofovir alafenamide (0.38% of participants vs 0.49% of the population; percentage point difference, -0.10%; 95% CI, -0.39% to 0.18%), 27 for 4vHPV/9vHPV (0.15% of participants vs 0.46% of the population; percentage point difference, -0.31%; 95% CI, -0.37% to -0.26%), and 90 for BNT162B2 COVID-19 vaccine (0.20% of participants vs 0.52% of the population; percentage point difference, -0.32; 95% CI, -0.36% to -0.27%).Conclusions and relevanceIn this cross-sectional study, limited documentation and participation of Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander individuals in clinical trials for drug products with top sales forecasts was found. This is especially concerning because Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander individuals have a higher risk than other racial groups for type 2 diabetes, cancer, and several other conditions the products examined in this study treat. Given the importance of enrolling Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander participants in clinical trials, sites should be established in key geographic regions, such as Hawai'i, and postmarket studies should be conducted within Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander populations.

Dataset Information

The Native Hawaiian Insect Microbiome Initiative: A Critical Perspective for Hawaiian Insect Evolution.

Publications

The Native Hawaiian Insect Microbiome Initiative: A Critical Perspective for Hawaiian Insect Evolution.

Similar Datasets

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