Dataset Information

Study of the influence of socio-economic factors in the international expansion of Spanish franchisors to Latin American countries.

ABSTRACT: The saturation of the domestic market is one of the factors which drive firms to expand their business to other markets. Franchising is one of the formats adopted by companies when establishing their internationalization strategy. Spain is a country where franchising is strongly consolidated. This degree of maturity means that many chains seek other countries in which to operate. This work's specific aims are, on the one hand, to offer a general view of the current situation of Spanish franchisors in Latin American countries and, on the other hand, to analyze which the socio-economic or external factors are that determine the presence of Spanish franchisors in this market. Canonical-correlation analysis is used to do so. The results show that Spanish franchisors focus on the market's potential and size, and the per capita income, while they do not take into account its unemployment level, the country risk or the competitiveness there. This work shows that there is a series of socio-economic factors which influence the final choice of the destination country. However, this decision is not solely based on this country's socio-economic aspects, but also on the structure of the franchising firm itself and on its export experience in other markets. This study therefore complements other research and helps franchisors in their difficult decision of choosing the destination for their internationalization.

SUBMITTER: Ramirez-Hurtado JM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5749781 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Study of the influence of socio-economic factors in the international expansion of Spanish franchisors to Latin American countries.

Ramírez-Hurtado José M JM Berbel-Pineda Juan M JM Palacios-Florencio Beatriz B

PloS one 20180102 1

The saturation of the domestic market is one of the factors which drive firms to expand their business to other markets. Franchising is one of the formats adopted by companies when establishing their internationalization strategy. Spain is a country where franchising is strongly consolidated. This degree of maturity means that many chains seek other countries in which to operate. This work's specific aims are, on the one hand, to offer a general view of the current situation of Spanish franchiso ...[more]

PMID: 29293596

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Project description:This study compares the health-related quality of life of Spanish-born and Latin American-born individuals settled in Spain. Socio-demographic and psychosocial factors associated with health-related quality of life are analyzed.A cross-sectional Primary Health Care multi center-based study of Latin American-born (n = 691) and Spanish-born (n = 903) outpatients from 15 Primary Health Care Centers (Madrid, Spain). The Medical Outcomes Study 36-Item Short Form Health Survey (SF-36) was used to assess health-related quality of life. Socio-demographic, psychosocial, and specific migration data were also collected.Compared to Spanish-born participants, Latin American-born participants reported higher health-related quality of life in the physical functioning and vitality dimensions. Across the entire sample, Latin American-born participants, younger participants, men and those with high social support reported significantly higher levels of physical health. Men with higher social support and a higher income reported significantly higher mental health. When stratified by gender, data show that for men physical health was only positively associated with younger age. For women, in addition to age, social support and marital status were significantly related. Both men and women with higher social support and income had significantly better mental health. Finally, for immigrants, the physical and mental health components of health-related quality of life were not found to be significantly associated with any of the pre-migration factors or conditions of migration. Only the variable "exposure to political violence" was significantly associated with the mental health component (p = 0.014).The key factors to understanding HRQoL among Latin American-born immigrants settled in Spain are age, sex and social support. Therefore, strategies to maintain optimal health outcomes in these immigrant communities should include public policies on social inclusion in the host society and focus on improving social support networks in order to foster and maintain the health and HRQoL of this group.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Low levels of physical activity (PA) and prolonged sitting time (ST) increase the risk of non-communicable diseases and mortality, and can be influenced by socio-demographic characteristics. The aim of this study was to use self-report data to characterise socio-demographic patterns of PA and ST in eight Latin American countries. METHODS:Data were obtained from the Latin American Study of Nutrition and Health (ELANS), a household population-based, multi-national, cross-sectional survey (n?=?9218, aged 15-65?years), collected from September 2014 to February 2015. Transport and leisure PA and ST were assessed using the International Physical Activity Questionnaire-long version. Overall and country-specific mean and median levels of time spent in transport and leisure PA and ST were compared by sex, age, socioeconomic and education level. RESULTS:Mean levels of transport and leisure PA were 220.3?min/week (ranging from 177.6?min/week in Venezuela to 275.3?min/week in Costa Rica) and 316.4?min/week (ranging from 272.1?min/week in Peru to 401.4?min/week in Ecuador). Transport and leisure PA were higher (p?<?0.005) in men than women with mean differences of 58.0 and 34.0?min/week. The mean and median for transport PA were similar across age groups (15-29?years: mean 215.5 and median 120?min/week; 30-59?years: mean 225.0 and median 120?min/week; ?60?years: mean 212.0 and median 120?min/week). The median time spent in transport and leisure PA between three strata of socioeconomic and education levels were similar. The prevalence of not meeting PA recommendations were 69.9% (95% CI: 68.9-70.8) for transport and 72.8% (95% CI: 72.0-73.7) for leisure. Men, younger people (15-29?years), individuals with higher socioeconomic and education levels spent significantly (p?<?0.001) more time sitting than women, older people (30-59?years and???60?years) and those in the middle and low socioeconomic and education groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS:Transport and leisure PA and ST range widely by country, sex, and age group in Latin America. Programs for promoting leisure and transport PA and reducing ST in Latin America should consider these differences by age and gender and between countries. TRIAL REGISTRATION:ClinicalTrials.Gov NCT02226627. Retrospectively registered on August 27, 2014.

Dataset Information

Study of the influence of socio-economic factors in the international expansion of Spanish franchisors to Latin American countries.

Publications

Study of the influence of socio-economic factors in the international expansion of Spanish franchisors to Latin American countries.

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