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Stability-indicating assay method for determination of actarit, its process related impurities and degradation products: Insight into stability profile and degradation pathways?.

ABSTRACT: The stability of the drug actarit was studied under different stress conditions like hydrolysis (acid, alkaline and neutral), oxidation, photolysis and thermal degradation as recommended by International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. Drug was found to be unstable in acidic, basic and photolytic conditions and produced a common degradation product while oxidative stress condition produced three additional degradation products. Drug was impassive to neutral hydrolysis, dry thermal and accelerated stability conditions. Degradation products were identified, isolated and characterized by different spectroscopic analyses. Drug and the degradation products were synthesized by a new route using green chemistry. The chromatographic separation of the drug and its impurities was achieved in a phenomenex luna C18 column employing a step gradient elution by high performance liquid chromatography coupled to photodiode array and mass spectrometry detectors (HPLC-PDA-MS). A specific and sensitive stability-indicating assay method for the simultaneous determination of the drug actarit, its process related impurities and degradation products was developed and validated.

SUBMITTER: Abiramasundari A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5761480 | biostudies-literature | 2014 Dec

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Stability-indicating assay method for determination of actarit, its process related impurities and degradation products: Insight into stability profile and degradation pathways<sup>☆</sup>.

Abiramasundari A A Joshi Rahul P RP Jalani Hitesh B HB Sharma Jayesh A JA Pandya Dhaivat H DH Pandya Amit N AN Sudarsanam Vasudevan V Vasu Kamala K KK

Journal of pharmaceutical analysis 20140125 6

The stability of the drug actarit was studied under different stress conditions like hydrolysis (acid, alkaline and neutral), oxidation, photolysis and thermal degradation as recommended by International Conference on Harmonization (ICH) guidelines. Drug was found to be unstable in acidic, basic and photolytic conditions and produced a common degradation product while oxidative stress condition produced three additional degradation products. Drug was impassive to neutral hydrolysis, dry thermal ...[more]

PMID: 29403903

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Project description:BackgroundArtemisinin-based fixed dose combination (FDC) products are recommended by World Health Organization (WHO) as a first-line treatment. However, the current artemisinin FDC products, such as ?-artemether and lumefantrine, are inherently unstable and require controlled distribution and storage conditions, which are not always available in resource-limited settings. Moreover, quality control is hampered by lack of suitable analytical methods. Thus, there is a need for a rapid and simple, but stability-indicating method for the simultaneous assay of ?-artemether and lumefantrine FDC products.MethodsThree reversed-phase fused-core HPLC columns (Halo RP-Amide, Halo C18 and Halo Phenyl-hexyl), all thermostated at 30°C, were evaluated. ?-Artemether and lumefantrine (unstressed and stressed), and reference-related impurities were injected and chromatographic parameters were assessed. Optimal chromatographic parameters were obtained using Halo RP-Amide column and an isocratic mobile phase composed of acetonitrile and 1 mM phosphate buffer pH 3.0 (52:48; V/V) at a flow of 1.0 ml/min and 3 ?l injection volume. Quantification was performed at 210 nm and 335 nm for ?-artemether and for lumefantrine, respectively. In-silico toxicological evaluation of the related impurities was made using Derek Nexus v2.0®.ResultsBoth ?-artemether and lumefantrine were separated from each other as well as from the specified and unspecified related impurities including degradants. A complete chromatographic run only took four minutes. Evaluation of the method, including a Plackett-Burman robustness verification within analytical QbD-principles, and real-life samples showed the method is suitable for quantitative assay purposes of both active pharmaceutical ingredients, with a mean recovery relative standard deviation (± RSD) of 99.7 % (± 0.7%) for ?-artemether and 99.7 % (± 0.6%) for lumefantrine. All identified ?-artemether-related impurities were predicted in Derek Nexus v2.0® to have toxicity risks similar to ?-artemether active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) itself.ConclusionsA rapid, robust, precise and accurate stability-indicating, quantitative fused-core isocratic HPLC method was developed for simultaneous assay of ?-artemether and lumefantrine. This method can be applied in the routine regulatory quality control of FDC products. The in-silico toxicological investigation using Derek Nexus® indicated that the overall toxicity risk for ?-artemether-related impurities is comparable to that of ?-artemether API.

Project description:Echinochrome A (Ech A, 1) is one of the main pigments of several sea urchin species and is registered in the Russian pharmacopeia as an active drug substance (Histochrome®), used in the fields of cardiology and ophthalmology. In this study, Ech A degradation products formed during oxidation by O2 in air-equilibrated aqueous solutions were identified, isolated, and structurally characterized. An HPLC method coupled with diode-array detection (DAD) and mass spectrometry (MS) was developed and validated to monitor the Ech A degradation process and identify the appearing compounds. Five primary oxidation products were detected and their structures were proposed on the basis of high-resolution electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (HR-ESI-MS) as 7-ethyl-2,2,3,3,5,7,8-heptahydroxy-2,3-dihydro-1,4-naphthoquinone (2), 6-ethyl-5,7,8-trihydroxy-1,2,3,4-tetrahydronaphthalene-1,2,3,4-tetraone (3), 2,3-epoxy-7-ethyl-2,3-dihydro-2,3,5,6,8-pentahydroxy-1,4-naphthoquinone (4), 2,3,4,5,7-pentahydroxy-6-ethylinden-1-one (5), and 2,2,4,5,7-pentahydroxy-6-ethylindane-1,3-dione (6). Three novel oxidation products were isolated, and NMR and HR-ESI-MS methods were used to establish their structures as 4-ethyl-3,5,6-trihydroxy-2-oxalobenzoic acid (7), 4-ethyl-2-formyl-3,5,6-trihydroxybenzoic acid (8), and 4-ethyl-2,3,5-trihydroxybenzoic acid (9). The known compound 3-ethyl-2,5-dihydroxy-1,4-benzoquinone (10) was isolated along with products 7-9. Compound 7 turned out to be unstable; its anhydro derivative 11 was obtained in two crystal forms, the structure of which was elucidated using X-ray crystallography as 7-ethyl-5,6-dihydroxy-2,3-dioxo-2,3-dihydrobenzofuran-4-carboxylic acid and named echinolactone. The chemical mechanism of Ech A oxidative degradation is proposed. The in silico toxicity of Ech A and its degradation products 2 and 7-10 were predicted using the ProTox-II webserver. The predicted median lethal dose (LD50) value for product 2 was 221 mg/kg, and, for products 7-10, it appeared to be much lower (?2000 mg/kg). For Ech A, the predicted toxicity and mutagenicity differed from our experimental data.

Dataset Information

Stability-indicating assay method for determination of actarit, its process related impurities and degradation products: Insight into stability profile and degradation pathways?.

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Stability-indicating assay method for determination of actarit, its process related impurities and degradation products: Insight into stability profile and degradation pathways<sup>☆</sup>.

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