Susceptibility of Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) to Heat Stress During Floral Development and Anthesis.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Bishop J
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5763371 | biostudies-literature | 2016 Dec
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
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Project description:Global food security, particularly crop fertilization and yield production, is threatened by heat waves that are projected to increase in frequency and magnitude with climate change. Effects of heat stress on the fertilization of insect-pollinated plants are not well understood, but experiments conducted primarily in self-pollinated crops, such as wheat, show that transfer of fertile pollen may recover yield following stress. We hypothesized that in the partially pollinator-dependent crop, faba bean (Vicia faba L.), insect pollination would elicit similar yield recovery following heat stress. We exposed potted faba bean plants to heat stress for 5 days during floral development and anthesis. Temperature treatments were representative of heat waves projected in the UK for the period 2021-2050 and onwards. Following temperature treatments, plants were distributed in flight cages and either pollinated by domesticated Bombus terrestris colonies or received no insect pollination. Yield loss due to heat stress at 30 °C was greater in plants excluded from pollinators (15%) compared to those with bumblebee pollination (2.5%). Thus, the pollinator dependency of faba bean yield was 16% at control temperatures (18-26 °C) and extreme stress (34 °C), but was 53% following intermediate heat stress at 30 °C. These findings provide the first evidence that the pollinator dependency of crops can be modified by heat stress, and suggest that insect pollination may become more important in crop production as the probability of heat waves increases.
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Project description:Heat stress adversely affects the growth and yield of faba bean crop. Accumulation of ClpB/Hsp100 class of proteins is a critical parameter in induction of acquired heat stress tolerance in plants. Heat-induced expression of ClpB/Hsp100 genes has been noted in diverse plant species. Using primers complementary to soybean ClpB/Hsp100 gene, we analyzed the transcript expression profile of faba bean ClpB/Hsp100 gene in leaves of seedlings and flowering plants and in pollen grains. ClpB/Hsp100 protein accumulation profile was analyzed in leaves of faba bean seedlings using Arabidopsis thaliana cytoplasmic Hsp101 antibodies. The transcript and protein levels of faba bean ClpB/Hsp100 were significantly induced in response to heat stress.
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Project description:Grain legume improvement is currently impeded by a lack of genomic resources. The paucity of genome information for faba bean can be attributed to the intrinsic difficulties of assembling/annotating its giant (~13 Gb) genome. In order to address this challenge, RNA-sequencing analysis was performed on faba bean (cv. Wizard) leaves. Read alignment to the faba bean reference transcriptome identified 16 300 high quality unigenes. In addition, Illumina paired-end sequencing was used to establish a baseline for genomic information assembly. Genomic reads were assembled de novo into contigs with a size range of 50-5000 bp. Over 85% of sequences did not align to known genes, of which ~10% could be aligned to known repetitive genetic elements. Over 26 000 of the reference transcriptome unigenes could be aligned to DNA-sequencing (DNA-seq) reads with high confidence. Moreover, this comparison identified 56 668 potential splice points in all identified unigenes. Sequence length data were extended at 461 putative loci through alignment of DNA-seq contigs to full-length, publicly available linkage marker sequences. Reads also yielded coverages of 3466× and 650× for the chloroplast and mitochondrial genomes, respectively. Inter- and intraspecies organelle genome comparisons established core legume organelle gene sets, and revealed polymorphic regions of faba bean organelle genomes.
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Project description:To develop a high density linkage map in faba bean, a total of 1,363 FBES (Faba bean expressed sequence tag [EST]-derived simple sequence repeat [SSR]) markers were designed based on 5,090 non-redundant ESTs developed in this study. A total of 109 plants of a 'Nubaria 2' × 'Misr 3' F2 mapping population were used for map construction. Because the parents were not pure homozygous lines, the 109 F2 plants were divided into three subpopulations according to the original F1 plants. Linkage groups (LGs) generated in each subpopulation were integrated by commonly mapped markers. The integrated 'Nubaria 2' × 'Misr 3' map consisted of six LGs, representing a total length of 684.7 cM, with 552 loci. Of the mapped loci, 47% were generated from multi-loci diagnostic (MLD) markers. Alignment of homologous sequence pairs along each linkage group revealed obvious syntenic relationships between LGs in faba bean and the genomes of two model legumes, Lotus japonicus and Medicago truncatula. In a polymorphic analysis with ten Egyptian faba bean varieties, 78.9% (384/487) of the FBES markers showed polymorphisms. Along with the EST-SSR markers, the dense map developed in this study is expected to accelerate marker assisted breeding in faba bean.
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Project description:Drought and salinity are the major factors that limit the faba bean (Vicia faba L.) production worldwide. The aim of this study is to identify the water stress differentially expressed genes (DEGs) through the root transcriptome analyses of the drought-tolerant Hassawi 2 genotype at vegetative and flowering stages. A total of 624.8 M high-quality Illumina reads were generated and assembled into 198,155 all-unigenes with a mean length of 738 bp and an N50 length of 1347 bp. Among all-unigenes, 78,262 were assigned to non-redundant (Nr), 66,254 to nucleotide (Nt), 54,034 to KEGG, and 43,913 to gene ontology (GO) annotations. A total of 36,834 and 35,510 unigenes were differentially expressed at the vegetative and flowering stages of Hassawi 2 under drought stress, respectively. The majority of unigenes were down-regulated at both developmental stages. However, the number of genes up-regulated (15,366) at the flowering stage exceeded the number of those up-regulated (14,097) at the vegetative stage, and the number of genes down-regulated (20,144) at the flowering stage was smaller than the number of those down-regulated (22,737) at the vegetative stage. The drought stress-responsive differentially expressed unigenes coded for various regulatory proteins, including protein kinases and phosphatases, transcription factors and plant hormones and functional proteins including enzymes for osmoprotectant, detoxification and transporters were differentially expressed, most of which were largely up-regulated. Moreover, a substantial proportion of the DEGs identified in this study were novel, most exhibited a significant change in their expression levels under water stress, making them an unexploited resource that might control specific responses to drought stress in the faba bean. Finally, qRT-PCR results were found almost consistent with the results of next-generation sequencing. Our data will help in understanding the drought tolerance mechanisms in plants and will provide resources for functional genomics.
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Project description:The present investigation aims to highlight the role of salt priming in mitigating salt stress on faba bean. In the absence of priming, the results reflected an increase in H2O2 generation and lipid peroxidation in plants subjected to 200 mM salt shock for one week, accompanied by a decline in growth, photosynthetic pigments, and yield. As a defense, the shocked plants showed enhancements in ascorbate peroxidase (APX), catalase (CAT), glutathione reductase (GR), peroxidase (POX), and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Additionally, the salt shock plants revealed a significant increase in phenolics and proline content, as well as an increase in the expression levels of glutathione (GSH) metabolism-related genes (the L-ascorbate peroxidase (L-APX) gene, the spermidine synthase (SPS) gene, the leucyl aminopeptidase (LAP) gene, the aminopeptidase N (AP-N) gene, and the ribonucleo-side-diphosphate reductase subunit M1 (RDS-M) gene). On the other hand, priming with increasing concentrations of NaCl (50-150 mM) exhibited little significant reduction in some growth- and yield-related traits. However, it maintained a permanent alert of plant defense that enhanced the expression of GSH-related genes, proline accumulation, and antioxidant enzymes, establishing a solid defensive front line ameliorating osmotic and oxidative consequences of salt shock and its injurious effect on growth and yield.
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Project description:Vernalization is classically defined as the induction of flowering process by exposure of the plants to a prolonged cold condition. Normally, it is considered as a precondition of flowering. Vicia faba, commonly known as faba bean, belongs to family Fabaceae. It is one of the plant species that has been cultivated in the earliest human settlements. In this study, an iTRAQ-LC-MS/MS-based quantitative proteomic analysis has been conducted to compare the vernalized faba bean seedlings and its corresponding control. In total, 91 proteins from various functional categories were observed to be differentially accumulated in vernalized faba bean seedlings. Subsequent gene ontology analysis indicated that several biological processes or metabolic pathways including photosynthesis and phytic acid metabolism were differentially respond to vernalization in comparison to the control sample. Further investigation revealed that a family of proteins nominated as glycine-rich RNA-binding factor was accumulated in vernalized seedlings, indicating an extra layer of regulation by alternative splicing on transcript abundance in response to vernalization. These findings raise a possibility that these candidate proteins could be important to represent the responsive network under vernalization process. Therefore, we propose that the regulation of vernalization in faba bean not only occurs at the transcriptional level as previously reported, but also at the post-transcriptional level.
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Project description:The protein subunit is the most important basic unit of protein, and its study can unravel the structure and function of seed storage proteins in faba bean. In this study, we identified six specific protein subunits in Faba bean (cv. Qinghai 13) combining liquid chromatography (LC), liquid chromatography-electronic spray ionization mass (LC-ESI-MS/MS) and bio-information technology. The results suggested a diversity of seed storage proteins in faba bean, and a total of 16 proteins (four GroEL molecular chaperones and 12 plant-specific proteins) were identified from 97-, 96-, 64-, 47-, 42-, and 38-kD-specific protein subunits in faba bean based on the peptide sequence. We also analyzed the composition and abundance of the amino acids, the physicochemical characteristics, secondary structure, three-dimensional structure, transmembrane domain, and possible subcellular localization of these identified proteins in faba bean seed, and finally predicted function and structure. The three-dimensional structures were generated based on homologous modeling, and the protein function was analyzed based on the annotation from the non-redundant protein database (NR database, NCBI) and function analysis of optimal modeling. The objective of this study was to identify the seed storage proteins in faba bean and confirm the structure and function of these proteins. Our results can be useful for the study of protein nutrition and achieve breeding goals for optimal protein quality in faba bean.
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Project description:Faba bean is an important food crop worldwide. However, progress in faba bean genomics lags far behind that of model systems due to limited availability of genetic and genomic information. Using the Illumina platform the faba bean transcriptome from leaves of two lines (29H and Vf136) subjected to Ascochyta fabae infection have been characterized. De novo transcriptome assembly provided a total of 39,185 different transcripts that were functionally annotated, and among these, 13,266 were assigned to gene ontology against Arabidopsis. Quality of the assembly was validated by RT-qPCR amplification of selected transcripts differentially expressed. Comparison of faba bean transcripts with those of better-characterized plant genomes such as Arabidopsis thaliana, Medicago truncatula and Cicer arietinum revealed a sequence similarity of 68.3%, 72.8% and 81.27%, respectively. Moreover, 39,060 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and 3,669 InDels were identified for genotyping applications. Mapping of the sequence reads generated onto the assembled transcripts showed that 393 and 457 transcripts were overexpressed in the resistant (29H) and susceptible genotype (Vf136), respectively. Transcripts involved in plant-pathogen interactions such as leucine rich proteins (LRR) or plant growth regulators involved in plant adaptation to abiotic and biotic stresses were found to be differently expressed in the resistant line. The results reported here represent the most comprehensive transcript database developed so far in faba bean, providing valuable information that could be used to gain insight into the pathways involved in the resistance mechanism against A. fabae and to identify potential resistance genes to be further used in marker assisted selection.
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Project description:Drought stress is one of the most prevalent environmental factors limiting faba bean (Vicia faba L.) crop productivity. β-aminobutyric acid (BABA) is a non-protein amino acid that may be involved in the regulation of plant adaptation to drought stress. The effect of exogenous BABA application on physiological, biochemical and molecular responses of faba bean plants grown under 18% PEG-induced drought stress were investigated. The results showed that the application of 1 mM of BABA improved the drought tolerance of faba bean. The application of BABA increased the leaf relative water content, leaf photosynthesis rate (A), transpiration rate (E), and stomatal conductance (gs), thereby decreased the water use efficiency. Furthermore, exogenous application of BABA decreased production of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), malondialdehyde and electrolyte leakage levels, leading to less cell membrane damage due to oxidative stress. Regarding osmoprotectants, BABA application enhanced the accumulation of proline, and soluble sugars, which could improve the osmotic adjustment ability of faba bean under drought challenge. Interestingly, mended antioxidant enzyme activities like catalase, guaiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and superoxide dismutase and their transcript levels may lead to counteract the damaging effects of oxidative stress and reducing the accumulation of harmful substances in BABA-treated faba bean plants. In addition, exogenous BABA significantly induced the accumulation of drought tolerance-related genes like VfMYB, VfDHN, VfLEA, VfERF, VfNCED, VfWRKY, VfHSP and VfNAC in leaves and roots, suggesting that BABA might act as a signal molecule to regulate the expression of drought tolerance-related genes.
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