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A process-oriented perspective examining the relationships among daily coping, stress, and affect.

ABSTRACT: We assess the daily relationships between age, three functional coping strategies, and positive and negative affect while accounting for the individual's cognitive appraisal of the severity and controllability of their encountered stressor. We collected 56 days of daily data from participants in the Notre Dame Study of Healthy & Well-Being assessing affect, the most bothersome event experienced each day, and coping strategies used to deal with that event (N = 371; Age 44-87; M = 67.41; SD = 8.87). Multi-level modeling allowed us to explore and compare the between- and within-person effects. The main effects revealed that coping strategies relate to affect differently. The interaction terms revealed that the effectiveness of each coping strategy depended on characteristics of the encountered stressor and/or characteristics of the individual. Average values of stress severity, Altering the Meaning, and Dispelling the Effects more strongly related to PA or NA than daily fluctuations on these constructs. Findings illustrate that certain coping strategies target affect differently. Approaching research questions regarding stress and coping with a process-oriented perspective, through the use of daily data, allows for a more thorough understanding of the real-time, lived relationships among the individual, stress, and coping.

SUBMITTER: Blaxton JM

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5773060 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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A process-oriented perspective examining the relationships among daily coping, stress, and affect.

Blaxton Jessica M JM Bergeman C S CS

Personality and individual differences 20160831

We assess the daily relationships between age, three functional coping strategies, and positive and negative affect while accounting for the individual's cognitive appraisal of the severity and controllability of their encountered stressor. We collected 56 days of daily data from participants in the Notre Dame Study of Healthy & Well-Being assessing affect, the most bothersome event experienced each day, and coping strategies used to deal with that event (<i>N</i> = 371; Age 44-87; <i>M</i> = 67 ...[more]

PMID: 29353948

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Project description:BackgroundCurrent psychotherapies seek to reduce experiential avoidance (EA) which has also been put forth as a risk factor for anxiety disorders, depression, and post-traumatic stress disorder. EA is a potentially maladaptive self-regulatory tendency to avoid negative thoughts, feelings, memories, physical sensations, and other internal experiences. One unresolved issue with the most commonly used measures of EA, the Acceptance and Action Questionnaire-II (AAQ-II) which measures EA as a single factor and the Multidimensional Experiential Avoidance Questionnaire (MEAQ) which measures EA as six subdimensions, is what exactly is being measured. The AAQ-II appears to measure negative affect (NA), some aspects of avoidant coping, and psychological distress. In addition, the relationships of all the MEAQ subscales have not been thoroughly examined with these other constructs. In the current study, the relationships of AAQ-II and MEAQ scores with NA, avoidant coping styles, and perceived stress were examined.MethodsTwo-hundred undergraduates (154 females and 46 males) completed the AAQ-II and MEAQ, the Distressed Type D Personality Scale (DS-14) which includes a measure of NA, the Brief COPE which measures coping styles, and the Perceived Stress Scale.ResultsScores on the AAQ-II had moderate positive relationships with the MEAQ total score and all MEAQ subscales with the exception of distress endurance which had a moderate negative relationship. The AAQ-II had a stronger relationship with NA, avoidant coping, and perceived stress than did the MEAQ. All MEAQ subscales had a positive relationship to NA, avoidant coping, and perceived stress with the exception of distress endurance which had a negative relationship with these constructs. While the AAQ-II is limited as a unitary measure of EA the multiple dimensions of the MEAQ may involve an extraneous factor of distress endurance. Future work should examine the relationships of the MEAQ with NA, avoidant coping and perceived stress with clinical populations.

Project description:BackgroundMany people aim to eat healthily. Yet, affluent food environments encourage consumption of energy dense and nutrient-poor foods, making it difficult to accomplish individual goals such as maintaining a healthy diet and weight. Moreover, goal-congruent eating might be influenced by affects, stress and intense food cravings and might also impinge on these in turn. Directionality and interrelations of these variables are currently unclear, which impedes targeted intervention. Psychological network models offer an exploratory approach that might be helpful to identify unique associations between numerous variables as well as their directionality when based on longitudinal time-series data.MethodsAcross 14 days, 84 diet-interested participants (age range: 18-38 years, 85.7% female, mostly recruited via universities) reported their momentary states as well as retrospective eating episodes four times a day. We used multilevel vector autoregressive network models based on ecological momentary assessment data of momentary affects, perceived stress and stress coping, hunger, food craving as well as goal-congruent eating behaviour.ResultsNeither of the momentary measures of stress (experience of stress or stress coping), momentary affects or craving uniquely predicted goal-congruent eating. Yet, temporal effects indicated that higher anticipated stress coping predicted subsequent goal-congruent eating. Thus, the more confident participants were in their coping with upcoming challenges, the more they ate in line with their goals.ConclusionMost eating behaviour interventions focus on hunger and craving alongside negative and positive affect, thereby overlooking additional important variables like stress coping. Furthermore, self-regulation of eating behaviours seems to be represented by how much someone perceives a particular eating episode as matching their individual eating goal. To conclude, stress coping might be a potential novel intervention target for eating related Just-In-Time Adaptive Interventions in the context of intensive longitudinal assessment.

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A process-oriented perspective examining the relationships among daily coping, stress, and affect.

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A process-oriented perspective examining the relationships among daily coping, stress, and affect.

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