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Evaluation of protection induced by immunisation of domestic pigs with deletion mutant African swine fever virus Benin?MGF by different doses and routes.

ABSTRACT: A live attenuated African swine fever virus (ASFV) vaccine candidate, produced by deletion of several genes belonging to multi-gene families MGF360 and 505 from virulent Benin 97/1 strain (Benin?MGF), induces protection in pigs against parental virulent strain. In order to better define the safety and efficacy of this attenuated vaccine candidate and to understand protective mechanisms, we extended previous studies by intramuscular immunisation of pigs with the deletion mutant Benin?MFG at different doses (10², 10³, 10⁴ TCID₅₀), together with intranasal immunisation at the 10³ dose. Results demonstrated a strong correlation between both doses and routes of immunisation of Benin?MFG and the percentage of protection achieved, the onset of clinical signs, the viremia levels reached and the onset of death in non-protected pigs. The results show that the intramuscular route using high doses (10⁴ TCID₅₀) is the best option for immunisation. Only transient increase in temperature associated with a peak of virus genome levels was observed in most pigs after immunisation. Then, virus genome levels progressively decreased throughout the experiment until reaching low or undetectable levels in those protected pigs that survived after challenge. The IgM antibody responses following immunisation were detected between day 7-10 post-immunisation and remained at elevated levels for 10-18?days in most pigs before dropping. IgG was detected from day 15 to 21 post-immunisation and maintained at increased levels for the remainder of the experiment in most pigs. Induction of IFN? and IL-10 was detected by ELISA in sera from some pigs immunised with 10³ TCID₅₀ by intramuscular or intranasal route at early times post-immunisation. IL-10 was also detected in serum from some non-protected pigs included in these groups after challenge.

SUBMITTER: Sanchez-Cordon PJ

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5783716 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Evaluation of protection induced by immunisation of domestic pigs with deletion mutant African swine fever virus BeninΔMGF by different doses and routes.

Sánchez-Cordón Pedro J PJ Jabbar Tamara T Berrezaie Margot M Chapman Dave D Reis Ana A Reis Ana A Sastre Patricia P Rueda Paloma P Goatley Lynnette L Dixon Linda K LK

Vaccine 20171216 5

A live attenuated African swine fever virus (ASFV) vaccine candidate, produced by deletion of several genes belonging to multi-gene families MGF360 and 505 from virulent Benin 97/1 strain (BeninΔMGF), induces protection in pigs against parental virulent strain. In order to better define the safety and efficacy of this attenuated vaccine candidate and to understand protective mechanisms, we extended previous studies by intramuscular immunisation of pigs with the deletion mutant BeninΔMFG at diffe ...[more]

PMID: 29254837

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Project description:African swine fever (ASF) is an incurable viral disease of domestic and wild pigs. A large-scale spread of ASF began in Eurasia in 2007 and has affected territories from Belgium to the Far East, occurring as both local- and regional-level epidemics. In 2020, a massive ASF epidemic emerged in the southeastern region of European Russia in the Samara Oblast and included 41 outbreaks of ASF in domestic pigs and 40 cases in wild boar. The Samara Oblast is characterized by a relatively low density of wild boar (0.04-0.05 head/km2) and domestic pigs (1.1-1.3 head/km2), with a high prevalence of small-scale productions (household farms). This study aims to understand the driving forces of the disease and perform a risk assessment for this region using complex epidemiological analyses. The socioeconomic and environmental factors of the ASF outbreak were explored using Generalized Linear Logistic Regression, where ASF infection status of the Samara Oblast districts was treated as a response variable. Presence of the virus in a district was found to be most significantly (p < 0.05) associated with the importation of live pigs from ASF-affected regions of Russia (OR = 371.52; 95% CI: 1.58-87290.57), less significantly (p < 0.1) associated with the density of smallholder farms (OR = 2.94; 0.82-10.59), volume of pork products' importation from ASF-affected regions of Russia (OR = 1.01; 1.00-1.02), summary pig population (OR = 1.01; 0.99-1.02), and insignificantly (p > 0.1) associated with presence of a common border with an ASF-affected region (OR = 89.2; 0.07-11208.64). No associations were found with the densities of pig and wild boar populations. The colocation analysis revealed no significant concentration of outbreaks in domestic pigs near cases in wild boar or vice versa. These results suggest that outbreaks notified in low biosecurity household farms were mainly associated with the transportation and trade of pigs and pork products from ASF-affected regions of Russia. The findings underline the importance of taking into account animal transportation data while conducting future studies to develop a risk map for the region and the rest of European Russia.

Dataset Information

Evaluation of protection induced by immunisation of domestic pigs with deletion mutant African swine fever virus Benin?MGF by different doses and routes.

Publications

Evaluation of protection induced by immunisation of domestic pigs with deletion mutant African swine fever virus BeninΔMGF by different doses and routes.

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