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Laser-accelerated particle beams for stress testing of materials.

ABSTRACT: Laser-driven particle acceleration, obtained by irradiation of a solid target using an ultra-intense (I?>?1018?W/cm2) short-pulse (duration <1?ps) laser, is a growing field of interest, in particular for its manifold potential applications in different domains. Here, we provide experimental evidence that laser-generated particles, in particular protons, can be used for stress testing materials and are particularly suited for identifying materials to be used in harsh conditions. We show that these laser-generated protons can produce, in a very short time scale, a strong mechanical and thermal damage, that, given the short irradiation time, does not allow for recovery of the material. We confirm this by analyzing changes in the mechanical, optical, electrical, and morphological properties of five materials of interest to be used in harsh conditions.

SUBMITTER: Barberio M

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5785512 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Laser-accelerated particle beams for stress testing of materials.

Barberio M M Scisciò M M Vallières S S Cardelli F F Chen S N SN Famulari G G Gangolf T T Revet G G Schiavi A A Senzacqua M M Antici P P

Nature communications 20180125 1

Laser-driven particle acceleration, obtained by irradiation of a solid target using an ultra-intense (I > 10<sup>18</sup> W/cm<sup>2</sup>) short-pulse (duration <1 ps) laser, is a growing field of interest, in particular for its manifold potential applications in different domains. Here, we provide experimental evidence that laser-generated particles, in particular protons, can be used for stress testing materials and are particularly suited for identifying materials to be used in harsh conditi ...[more]

PMID: 29371647

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Project description:BackgroundReactive oxygen species (ROS) are vital regulators of many cellular functions in the body. The intracellular ROS concentration is highly regulated by a balance between pro-oxidants and anti-oxidants. A chronic excess of pro-oxidants leads to elevated ROS concentrations and inflammation, possibly initiating or enhancing disease onset. Mineral-induced generation of ROS, the role of minerals in upregulating cellular ROS, and their role in the development of several occupational diseases are now widely recognized. However, there is no standard protocol to determine changes in ROS production in cells after exposure to mineral dust or earth materials in general. In this study, a new method for determining the degree of cellular toxicity (i.e., cytotoxicity) of particles is described that will help bridge the gap in knowledge.ResultsBy measuring the production of ROS and the viability of cells, an inflammatory stress response (ISR) indicator is defined. This approach normalizes the ROS upregulation with respect to the number of viable cells at the time of measurement. We conducted experiments on a series of minerals and soils that represent materials that are inert (i.e., glass beads, anatase, and a soil with low trace element content), moderately reactive (i.e., soil with high trace element content), and highly reactive (i.e., pyrite). Inert materials generated the lowest ISR, averaging 350% compared to the control. Acid washed pyrite produced the highest ISR (1,100 fold higher than the control). The measurements conducted as a function of time showed a complex response. Most materials showed an increase in ISR with particle loading.ConclusionsThe amount of cellularly generated ROS and cell viability combined provide a better understanding of particle-induced oxidative stress. The results indicate that some earth materials may solicit an initial burst of ROS, followed by a second phase in which cell viability decreases and ROS production increases, leading to a high ISR value. Hence, measurements conducted over a range of particle loading combined with multiple data measurements up to 24 hours can provide new insights in the possible effect of exposure to earth materials on human health.

Dataset Information

Laser-accelerated particle beams for stress testing of materials.

Publications

Laser-accelerated particle beams for stress testing of materials.

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