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Fingerprint analysis of Huolingshengji Formula and its neuroprotective effects in SOD1^G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

ABSTRACT: Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurological disease characterized by progressive loss of motor neurons. There are no definitive pathogenic mechanisms and effective treatments for ALS now. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) plays an important role in Chinese health care system. Huolingshengji Formula (HLSJ) is a TCM formula which is applied for treating flaccid syndrome. Our previous clinical study has indicated that HLSJ may have therapeutic effects in ALS patients. In the present study, we analyzed the chemical profile of HLSJ by the high-performance liquid chromatographic (HPLC) fingerprint analysis. And we investigated the therapeutic effects and neuroprotective mechanisms of HLSJ against ALS in SOD1^G93A mouse model. Eleven typical peaks were identified by the fingerprint analysis of HLSJ, and the HPLC method had good precision, repeatability and stability. Consistent with our clinical studies, HLSJ significantly prolonged the lifespan, extended the disease duration, and prevented the motor neuron loss in the anterior horn of the lumbar spinal cords in SOD1^G93A ALS model mice. Additionally, HLSJ alleviated the atrophy of the gastrocnemius muscles and ameliorated the apoptotic and inflammatory levels in the spinal cords of SOD1^G93A mice. Collectively, our study indicated that HLSJ might be a novel candidate for the treatment of ALS.

SUBMITTER: Zhou Q

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5786035 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Fingerprint analysis of Huolingshengji Formula and its neuroprotective effects in SOD1<sup>G93A</sup> mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Zhou Qinming Q Wang Youjie Y Zhang Jingjing J Shao Yaping Y Li Song S Wang Yuan Y Cai Huaibin H Feng Yi Y Le Weidong W

Scientific reports 20180126 1

Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a fatal neurological disease characterized by progressive loss of motor neurons. There are no definitive pathogenic mechanisms and effective treatments for ALS now. Traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) plays an important role in Chinese health care system. Huolingshengji Formula (HLSJ) is a TCM formula which is applied for treating flaccid syndrome. Our previous clinical study has indicated that HLSJ may have therapeutic effects in ALS patients. In the presen ...[more]

PMID: 29374221

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Project description:IntroductionAmyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) is a paralyzing, multifactorial neurodegenerative disease with limited therapeutics and no known cure. The study goal was to determine which pathophysiological treatment targets appear most beneficial.MethodsA big data approach was used to analyze high copy SOD1 G93A experimental data. The secondary data set comprised 227 published studies and 4,296 data points. Treatments were classified by pathophysiological target: apoptosis, axonal transport, cellular chemistry, energetics, neuron excitability, inflammation, oxidative stress, proteomics, or systemic function. Outcome assessment modalities included onset delay, health status (rotarod performance, body weight, grip strength), and survival duration. Pairwise statistical analysis (two-tailed t-test with Bonferroni correction) of normalized fold change (treatment/control) assessed significant differences in treatment efficacy. Cohen's d quantified pathophysiological treatment category effect size compared to "all" (e.g., all pathophysiological treatment categories combined).ResultsInflammation treatments were best at delaying onset (d = 0.42, p > 0.05). Oxidative stress treatments were significantly better for prolonging survival duration (d = 0.18, p < 0.05). Excitability treatments were significantly better for prolonging overall health status (d = 0.22, p < 0.05). However, the absolute best pathophysiological treatment category for prolonging health status varied with disease progression: oxidative stress was best for pre-onset health (d = 0.18, p > 0.05); excitability was best for prolonging function near onset (d = 0.34, p < 0.05); inflammation was best for prolonging post-onset function (d = 0.24, p > 0.05); and apoptosis was best for prolonging end-stage function (d = 0.49, p > 0.05). Finally, combination treatments simultaneously targeting multiple pathophysiological categories (e.g., polytherapy) performed significantly (p < 0.05) better than monotherapies at end-stage.DiscussionIn summary, the most effective pathophysiological treatments change as function of assessment modality and disease progression. Shifting pathophysiological treatment category efficacy with disease progression supports the homeostatic instability theory of ALS disease progression.

Project description:Innate neuroimmune dysfunction is a pathobiological feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). However, links, if any, between disease and adaptive immunity are poorly understood. Thus, the role of T cell immunity in disease was investigated in human G93A superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) transgenic (Tg) mice and subsequently in ALS patients.Quantitative and qualitative immune deficits in lymphoid cell and T cell function were seen in G93A-SOD1 Tg mice. Spleens of Tg animals showed reductions in size, weight, lymphocyte numbers, and morphological deficits at terminal stages of disease compared to their wild-type (Wt) littermates. Spleen sizes and weights of pre-symptomatic Tg mice were unchanged, but deficits were readily seen in T cell proliferation coincident with increased annexin-V associated apoptosis and necrosis of lymphocytes. These lymphoid deficits paralleled failure of Copolymer-1 (COP-1) immunization to affect longevity. In addition, among CD4(+) T cells in ALS patients, levels of CD45RA(+) (naïve) T cells were diminished, while CD45RO(+) (memory) T cells were increased compared to age-matched caregivers. In attempts to correct mutant SOD1 associated immune deficits, we reconstituted SOD1 Tg mice with unfractionated naïve lymphocytes or anti-CD3 activated CD4(+)CD25(+) T regulatory cells (Treg) or CD4(+)CD25(-) T effector cells (Teff) from Wt donor mice. While naive lymphocytes failed to enhance survival, both polyclonal-activated Treg and Teff subsets delayed loss of motor function and extended survival; however, only Treg delayed neurological symptom onset, whereas Teff increased latency between disease onset and entry into late stage.A profound and progressive immunodeficiency is operative in G93A-SOD1 mice and is linked to T cell dysfunction and the failure to elicit COP-1 neuroprotective immune responses. In preliminary studies T cell deficits were also observed in human ALS. These findings, taken together, suggest caution in ascribing vaccination outcomes when these animal models of human ALS are used for study. Nonetheless, the abilities to improve neurological function and life expectancy in G93A-SOD1 Tg mice by reconstitution with activated T cells do provide opportunities for therapeutic intervention.

Project description:A preclinical strategy to broaden the search of potentially effective treatments in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) relies on identifying factors controlling motor neuron (MN) excitability. These partners might be part of still unknown pathogenic pathways and/or useful for the design of new interventions to affect disease progression. In this framework, the bioactive membrane-derived phospholipid lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) affects MN excitability through LPA receptor 1 (LPA1 ). Furthermore, LPA1 knockdown is neuroprotective in transgenic ALS SOD1-G93A mice. On this basis, we raised the hypothesis that the major LPA-synthesizing ectoenzyme, autotaxin (ATX), regulates MN excitability and is a potential target to modulate disease development in ALS mice. We show here that PF-8380, a specific ATX inhibitor, reduced intrinsic membrane excitability (IME) of hypoglossal MNs in brainstem slices, supporting that baseline ATX activity regulates MN IME. PF-8380-induced alterations were prevented by a small-interfering RNA directed against mRNA for lpa1 . These outcomes support that impact of ATX-originated lysophospholipids on MN IME engages, at least, the G-protein-coupled receptor LPA1 . Interestingly, mRNAatx levels increased in the spinal cord of pre-symptomatic (1-2 months old) SOD1-G93A mice, thus preceding MN loss. The rise in transcripts levels also occurred in cultured spinal cord MNs from SOD1-G93A embryos, suggesting that mRNAatx upregulation in MNs is an etiopathogenic event in the ALS cell model. Remarkably, chronic administration in the drinking water of the orally bioavailable ATX inhibitor PF-8380 delayed MN loss, motor deterioration and prolonged life span in ALS mice. Treatment also led to a reduction in LPA1 -immunoreactive patches in transgenic animals mostly in MNs. These outcomes support that neuroprotective effects of interfering with ATX in SOD1-G93A mice rely, at least in part, on LPA1 knockdown in MNs. Therefore, we propose ATX as a potential target and/or a biomarker in ALS and highlight ATX inhibitors as reasonable tools with therapeutic usefulness for this lethal pathology.

Dataset Information

Fingerprint analysis of Huolingshengji Formula and its neuroprotective effects in SOD1^G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Publications

Fingerprint analysis of Huolingshengji Formula and its neuroprotective effects in SOD1<sup>G93A</sup> mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

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Dataset Information

Fingerprint analysis of Huolingshengji Formula and its neuroprotective effects in SOD1G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Publications

Fingerprint analysis of Huolingshengji Formula and its neuroprotective effects in SOD1<sup>G93A</sup> mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.

Similar Datasets

OmicsDI is part of the ELIXIR infrastructure

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Fingerprint analysis of Huolingshengji Formula and its neuroprotective effects in SOD1^G93A mouse model of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis.