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Implication of molecular vascular smooth muscle cell heterogeneity among arterial beds in arterial calcification.

ABSTRACT: Vascular calcification is a strong and independent predictive factor for cardiovascular complications and mortality. Our previous work identified important discrepancies in plaque composition and calcification types between carotid and femoral arteries. The objective of this study is to further characterize and understand the heterogeneity in vascular calcification among vascular beds, and to identify molecular mechanisms underlying this process. We established ECLAGEN biocollection that encompasses human atherosclerotic lesions and healthy arteries from different locations (abdominal, thoracic aorta, carotid, femoral, and infrapopliteal arteries) for histological, cell isolation, and transcriptomic analysis. Our results show that lesion composition differs between these locations. Femoral arteries are the most calcified arteries overall. They develop denser calcifications (sheet-like, nodule), and are highly susceptible to osteoid metaplasia. These discrepancies may derive from intrinsic differences between SMCs originating from these locations, as microarray analysis showed specific transcriptomic profiles between primary SMCs isolated from each arterial bed. These molecular differences translated into functional disparities. SMC from femoral arteries showed the highest propensity to mineralize due to an increase in basal TGF? signaling. Our results suggest that biological heterogeneity of resident vascular cells between arterial beds, reflected by our transcriptomic analysis, is critical in understanding plaque biology and calcification, and may have strong implications in vascular therapeutic approaches.

SUBMITTER: Espitia O

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5786328 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Project description:Background The purpose of this study was to investigate the association between kidney function and arterial calcification in major vascular beds and to establish whether arterial calcification mediates the relation between kidney function measures and cardiovascular disease ( CVD ) incidence. Methods and Results In 2241 participants from the Rotterdam Study (mean age 69 years, 52% female), kidney function was assessed using the estimated glomerular filtration rate and urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio. All participants underwent noncontrast computed tomography to quantify the amount of arterial calcification in the coronary arteries, aortic arch, extracranial, and intracranial internal carotid arteries. We used linear regression models, adjusted for age, sex, and cardiovascular risk factors, to evaluate the association between kidney function and arterial calcification volume in the 4 vessel beds. Incidence rate of CVD was calculated in 3 groups of participants based on their kidney function and presence of arterial calcification. We conducted mediation analysis to evaluate whether arterial calcification mediates this association. We found that in age- and sex-adjusted models, lower estimated glomerular filtration rate and higher albumin-to-creatinine ratio were associated with larger calcification volumes in all 4 vascular beds. Adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors attenuated the effect estimates. CVD incidence was higher in participants with estimated glomerular filtration rate <60 mL/min per 1.73 m2 and presence of arterial calcification compared with individuals with estimated glomerular filtration rate >60 and no calcification. After adjusting for cardiovascular risk factors, arterial calcification did not mediate the association between kidney function measures and CVD incidence. Conclusions The association of impaired kidney function and larger volumes of arterial calcification is partly explained by cardiovascular risk factors. Arterial calcification does not mediate the association between kidney function and CVD beyond cardiovascular risk factors.

Project description:Arterial calcification is highly prevalent, particularly in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD). The osteogenic differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is the critical process for the development of arterial calcification. However, the detailed mechanism of VSMCs calcification remains to be elucidated. Here, we investigated the role of exosomes (Exos) derived from endothelial cells (ECs) in arterial calcification and its potential mechanisms in ESRD. Accelerated VSMCs calcification was observed when VSMCs were exposed to ECs culture media stimulated by uremic serum or high concentration of inorganic phosphate (3.5 mM Pi). and the pro-calcification effect of the ECs culture media was attenuated by exosome depletion. Exosomes derived from high concentrations of inorganic phosphate-induced ECs (ECsHPi-Exos) could be uptaken by VSMCs and promoted VSMCs calcification. Microarray analysis showed that miR-670-3p was dramatically increased in ECsHPi-Exos compared with exosomes derived from normal concentrations of inorganic phosphate (0.9 mM Pi) induced ECs (ECsNPi-Exos). Mechanistically, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) was identified as the downstream target of miR-670-3p in regulating VSMCs calcification. Notably, ECs-specific knock-in of miR-670-3p of the 5/6 nephrectomy with a high-phosphate diet (miR-670-3pEC-KI + NTP) mice that upregulated the level of miR-670-3p in artery tissues and significantly increased artery calcification. Finally, we validated that the level of circulation of plasma exosomal miR-670-3p was much higher in patients with ESRD compared with healthy controls. Elevated levels of plasma exosomal miR-670-3p were associated with a decline in IGF-1 and more severe artery calcification in patients with ESRD. Collectively, these findings suggested that ECs-derived exosomal miR-670-3p could promote arterial calcification by targeting IGF-1, which may serve as a potential therapeutic target for arterial calcification in ESRD patients.

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Implication of molecular vascular smooth muscle cell heterogeneity among arterial beds in arterial calcification.

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