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Effects of multiple simulated birth traumas on urethral continence function in rats.

ABSTRACT: Multiple vaginal parities have been reported to be an important risk factor for stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Simulated birth trauma with single vaginal distention (VD) has been used to induce the SUI condition in animals; however, the effect of multiple simulated birth traumas on the urethral continence function has not been well characterized. Therefore, we examined the effects of multiple VDs on urethral functions in vivo and the changes in gene expressions of several molecules in the urethra using female SD rats, which were divided into three groups; sham, VD-1 (single VD), and VD-3 groups (3 times of VDs every 2 wk). Two weeks after the final VD, leak point pressure (LPP) and urethral responses during sneezing were evaluated. Also, changes in mRNA levels of urethral molecules were quantified with RT-PCR.?The VD-1 group did not show any change in LPP with only a tendency of decrease in amplitudes of the urethral responses during sneezing (A-URS); however, the VD-3 group showed a significant decrease in LPP and urethral responses such as baseline urethral pressure and A-URS accompanied with SUI episodes during sneezing. Nicotinic receptor subtypes and transforming growth factor (TGF)-?1 were significantly increased in both VD-1 and VD-3 groups while TNF receptor (TNFR)-1, IL-6, collagens, and matrix metalloproteinases-9 were significantly increased only in the VD-3 group.?These data indicate that rats with multiple simulated birth traumas exhibit profound impairment of the urethral continence function and that these functional changes are associated with those in cytokines, extracellular matrix molecules, and nicotinic receptor subtypes in the urethra.

SUBMITTER: Yoshikawa S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5792161 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Effects of multiple simulated birth traumas on urethral continence function in rats.

Yoshikawa Satoru S Sumino Yasuhiro Y Kwon Joonbeom J Suzuki Takahisa T Kitta Takeya T Miyazato Minoru M Yoshimura Naoki N

American journal of physiology. Renal physiology 20170802 5

Multiple vaginal parities have been reported to be an important risk factor for stress urinary incontinence (SUI). Simulated birth trauma with single vaginal distention (VD) has been used to induce the SUI condition in animals; however, the effect of multiple simulated birth traumas on the urethral continence function has not been well characterized. Therefore, we examined the effects of multiple VDs on urethral functions in vivo and the changes in gene expressions of several molecules in the ur ...[more]

PMID: 28768663

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Project description:BackgroundPreterm birth (PTB) places a considerable emotional, psychological, and financial burden on parents, families, health care resources, and society as a whole. Efforts to estimate these costs have typically considered the direct medical costs of the initial hospital and outpatient follow-up care but have not considered non-financial costs associated with PTB such as adverse psychosocial and emotional effects, family disruption, strain on relationships, alterations in self-esteem, and deterioration in physical and mental health. The aim of this inquiry is to understand parents' experience of PTB to inform the design of subsequent studies of the direct and indirect cost of PTB. The study highlights the traumatic nature of having a child born preterm and discusses implications for clinical care and further research.MethodThrough interviews and focus groups, this interpretive descriptive study explored parents' experiences of PTB. The interviews were audiotaped, transcribed, and analyzed for themes. Analysis was ongoing throughout the study and in subsequent interviews, parents were asked to reflect and elaborate on the emerging themes as they were identified.ResultsPTB is a traumatic event that shattered parents' taken-for-granted expectations of parenthood. For parents in our study, the trauma they experienced was not related to infant characteristics (e.g., gestational age, birth weight, Apgar scores, or length of stay in the NICU), but rather to prolonged uncertainty, lack of agency, disruptions in meaning systems, and alterations in parental role expectations. Our findings help to explain why things like breast feeding, kangaroo care, and family centered practices are so meaningful to parents in the NICU. As well as helping to (re)construct their role as parents, these activities afford parents a sense of agency, thereby moderating their own helplessness.ConclusionThese findings underscore the traumatic nature and resultant psychological distress related to PTB. Obstetrical and neonatal healthcare providers need to be educated about the symptoms of Acute Stress Disorder (ASD) and Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) to better understand and support parents' efforts to adapt and to make appropriate referrals if problems develop. Longitudinal economic studies must consider the psychosocial implications of PTB to in order to determine the total related costs.

Dataset Information

Effects of multiple simulated birth traumas on urethral continence function in rats.

Publications

Effects of multiple simulated birth traumas on urethral continence function in rats.

Similar Datasets

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