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Web-Based Survey Application to Collect Contextually Relevant Geographic Data With Exposure Times: Application Development and Feasibility Testing.

ABSTRACT: Although studies that characterize the risk environment by linking contextual factors with individual-level data have advanced infectious disease and substance use research, there are opportunities to refine how we define relevant neighborhood exposures; this can in turn reduce the potential for exposure misclassification. For example, for those who do not inject at home, injection risk behaviors may be more influenced by the environment where they inject than where they live. Similarly, among those who spend more time away from home, a measure that accounts for different neighborhood exposures by weighting each unique location proportional to the percentage of time spent there may be more correlated with health behaviors than one's residential environment.This study aimed to develop a Web-based application that interacts with Google Maps application program interfaces (APIs) to collect contextually relevant locations and the amount of time spent in each. Our analysis examined the extent of overlap across different location types and compared different approaches for classifying neighborhood exposure.Between May 2014 and March 2017, 547 participants enrolled in a Baltimore HIV care and prevention study completed an interviewer-administered Web-based survey that collected information about where participants were recruited, worked, lived, socialized, injected drugs, and spent most of their time. For each location, participants gave an address or intersection which they confirmed using Google Map and Street views. Geographic coordinates (and hours spent in each location) were joined to neighborhood indicators by Community Statistical Area (CSA). We computed a weighted exposure based on the proportion of time spent in each unique location. We compared neighborhood exposures based on each of the different location types with one another and the weighted exposure using analysis of variance with Bonferroni corrections to account for multiple comparisons.Participants reported spending the most time at home, followed by the location where they injected drugs. Injection locations overlapped most frequently with locations where people reported socializing and living or sleeping. The least time was spent in the locations where participants reported earning money and being recruited for the study; these locations were also the least likely to overlap with other location types. We observed statistically significant differences in neighborhood exposures according to the approach used. Overall, people reported earning money in higher-income neighborhoods and being recruited for the study and injecting in neighborhoods with more violent crime, abandoned houses, and poverty.This analysis revealed statistically significant differences in neighborhood exposures when defined by different locations or weighted based on exposure time. Future analyses are needed to determine which exposure measures are most strongly associated with health and risk behaviors and to explore whether associations between individual-level behaviors and neighborhood exposures are modified by exposure times.

SUBMITTER: Rudolph A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5797287 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Jan

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Web-Based Survey Application to Collect Contextually Relevant Geographic Data With Exposure Times: Application Development and Feasibility Testing.

Rudolph Abby A Tobin Karin K Rudolph Jonathan J Latkin Carl C

JMIR public health and surveillance 20180119 1

<h4>Background</h4>Although studies that characterize the risk environment by linking contextual factors with individual-level data have advanced infectious disease and substance use research, there are opportunities to refine how we define relevant neighborhood exposures; this can in turn reduce the potential for exposure misclassification. For example, for those who do not inject at home, injection risk behaviors may be more influenced by the environment where they inject than where they live. ...[more]

PMID: 29351899

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Project description:The complex isolation and purification process of hepatocytes for transplantation is labor intensive and with great contamination risk. Here, as a pilot and feasibility study, we examined in vitro and in vivo hepatocyte isolation feasibility and cell function of Cell Saver® Elite®, an intraoperative blood-cell-recovery system. Rat and pig liver cells were collected using this system and then cultured in vitro, and their hepatocyte-specific enzymes were characterized. We then transplanted the hepatocytes in an established acute liver-injured (retrorsine+D-galactosamine-treated) rat model for engraftment. Recipient rats were sacrificed 1, 2, and 4 weeks after transplantation, followed by donor-cell identification and histological, serologic, and immunohistopathological examination. To demonstrate this Cell Saver® strategy is workable in the first place, traditional (classical) strategy, in our study, behaved as certainty during the cell manufacturing process for monitoring quality assurance throughout the course, from the start of cell isolation to post-transplantation. We noted that in situ collagenase perfusion was followed by filtration, centrifugation, and collection in the Cell Saver® until the process ended. Most (>85%) isolated cells were hepatocytes (>80% viability) freshly demonstrating hepatocyte nuclear factor 4α and carbamoyl-phosphate synthase 1 (a key enzyme in the urea cycle), and proliferating through intercellular contact in culture, with expression of albumin and CYP3A4. After hepatocyte transplantation in dipeptidyl peptidase IV (-/-) rat liver, wild-type donor hepatocytes engrafted and repopulated progressively in 4 weeks with liver functional improvement. Proliferating donor hepatocyte-native biliary ductular cell interaction was identified. Post-transplantation global liver functional recovery after Cell Saver and traditional methods was comparable. Cell Saver® requires reduced manual manipulation for isolating transplantable hepatocytes.

Project description:BACKGROUND:Given the high levels of sedentary time and treatment-related side effects in prostate cancer survivors (PCS), interventions targeting sedentary behavior (SED) may be more sustainable compared to physical activity (PA). PURPOSE:To examine the feasibility of a web-based intervention (RiseTx) for reducing SED and increasing moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) among PCS undergoing ADT. Secondary outcomes include changes in SED, MVPA, light intensity PA, and quality of life. METHODS:Forty-six PCS were recruited from two cancer centres in Toronto, Ontario, Canada between July 2015-October 2016. PCS were given an activity tracker (Jawbone), access to the RiseTx website program, and provided with a goal of increasing walking by 3000 daily steps above baseline levels over a 12-week period. A range of support tools were progressively released to reduce SED time (e.g., self-monitoring of steps) during the five-phase program. Objective measures of SED, MVPA, and daily steps were compared across the 12-week intervention using linear mixed models. RESULTS:Of the 46 PCS enrolled in the study, 42 completed the SED intervention, representing a 9% attrition rate. Measurement completion rates were 97 and 65% at immediately post-intervention and 12-week follow-up for all measures, respectively. Overall adherence was 64% for total number of logins (i.e., >?3 visits each week). Sample mean age was 73.2?±?7.3 years, mean BMI was 28.0?±?3.0 kg/m2, mean number of months since diagnosis was 93.6?±?71.2, and 72% had ADT administered continuously. Significant reductions of 455.4 weekly minutes of SED time were observed at post-intervention (p?=?.005). Significant increases of +?44.1 for weekly minutes of MVPA was observed at immediately post-intervention (p?=?.010). There were significant increases in step counts of +?1535 steps from baseline to post-intervention (p?<?.001). CONCLUSIONS:RiseTx was successful in reducing SED and increasing MVPA in PCS. PCS were satisfied with the intervention and its components. Additional strategies may be needed though for maintenance of behavior change. The next step for RiseTx is to replicate these findings in a larger, randomized controlled trial that will have the potential for reducing sedentary time among PCS. TRIAL REGISTRATION:NCT03321149 (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier).

Project description:BackgroundAdvances in pharmacological and non-pharmacological dementia interventions may mean future dementia prevention incorporates a combination of targeted screening and lifestyle modifications. Elucidating potential barriers which may prevent community engagement with dementia prevention initiatives is important to maximise the accessibility and feasibility of these initiatives across the lifespan.MethodsSix hundred seven adults aged over 18 years completed a 54-item, multiple-choice survey exploring contemporary attitudes towards, and barriers to, dementia risk reduction and screening relative to other common health conditions. Participants were sourced from Australia's largest, paid, data analytics service (ORIMA).ResultsFinances (p = .009), poor motivation (p = .043), and time (p ≤ .0001) emerged as significant perceived barriers to dementia risk reduction behaviours. Lack of time was more likely to be reported by younger, relative to older, participants (p ≤ .0001), while females were more likely than males to report financial (p = .019) and motivational (p = .043) factors. Binary logistic regression revealed willingness to undertake dementia testing modalities was significantly influenced by gender (genetic testing, p = .012; saliva, p = .038, modifiable risk factors p = .003), age (cognitive testing, p ≤ .0001; blood, p = .010), and socio-economic group (retinal imaging, p = .042; modifiable risk-factor screening, p = .019). Over 65% of respondents felt adequately informed about risk reduction for at least one non-dementia health condition, compared to 30.5% for dementia.ConclusionsThis study found perceived barriers to dementia risk reduction behaviours, and the willingness to engage in various dementia testing modalities, was significantly associated with socio-demographic factors across the lifespan. These findings provide valuable insight regarding the accessibility and feasibility of potential methods for identifying those most at risk of developing dementia, as well as the need to better promote and support wide-scale engagement in dementia risk reduction behaviours across the lifespan.

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Web-Based Survey Application to Collect Contextually Relevant Geographic Data With Exposure Times: Application Development and Feasibility Testing.

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Web-Based Survey Application to Collect Contextually Relevant Geographic Data With Exposure Times: Application Development and Feasibility Testing.

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