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APOE Genotype Affects Cognitive Training Response in Healthy Shanghai Community-Dwelling Elderly Individuals.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Cognitive training may contribute to the ability to maintain cognitive function in healthy elderly adults. Whether genotype modifies training effects remains unknown. OBJECTIVE:Assess influence of APOE on cognitive function over time in community-dwelling elderly adults participating in multi-domain cognitive training. METHODS:Healthy individuals ?70 years of age were screened from one urban community in Shanghai. 145 healthy Chinese older adults met inclusion criteria and were assigned to intervention (n?=?88) or control (n?=?57) groups. Multi-domain cognitive training involved 24 sessions of different content taking place over 12 weeks. Neuropsychological testing was administered at baseline, immediately after training, six months and twelve months post-intervention; composite measures of cognitive function were identified via factor analysis. RESULTS:Three factors explained the majority of variance in function (verbal memory, processing speed, executive function). The intervention attenuated 12-month declines in processing speed, regardless of APOE genotype (p?=?0.047). Executive function declined in APOE?4 carriers over 12 months, regardless of intervention (p?=?0.056). There was a significant interaction after 12 months where intervention ?4 carriers had better processing speed than ?4 controls (p?=?0.003). Intervention ?2 carriers had better executive function immediately after training (p?=?0.02) and had better verbal memory 6-months post-intervention (p?=?0.04). These effects remained significant after false-discovery rate correction. CONCLUSION:Multi-domain cognitive training reduces declines in processing speed over time. APOE?4 is associated with reductions in executive function over time, and training may attenuate ?4-associated declines in processing speed. APOE?2 carriers may also benefit from training, particularly on measures of executive function and verbal memory.

SUBMITTER: Feng W

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5799000 | biostudies-literature | 2015

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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APOE Genotype Affects Cognitive Training Response in Healthy Shanghai Community-Dwelling Elderly Individuals.

Feng Wei W Yokoyama Jennifer S JS Yu Shunying S Chen You Y Cheng Yan Y Bonham Luke W LW Wang Dongxiang D Shen Yuan Y Wu Wenyuan W Li Chunbo C

Journal of Alzheimer's disease : JAD 20150101 4

<h4>Background</h4>Cognitive training may contribute to the ability to maintain cognitive function in healthy elderly adults. Whether genotype modifies training effects remains unknown.<h4>Objective</h4>Assess influence of APOE on cognitive function over time in community-dwelling elderly adults participating in multi-domain cognitive training.<h4>Methods</h4>Healthy individuals ≥70 years of age were screened from one urban community in Shanghai. 145 healthy Chinese older adults met inclusion cr ...[more]

PMID: 26401781

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Project description:BACKGROUND:It has been reported that the triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index may serve as a simple and credible surrogate marker of insulin resistance (IR). However, its association with macrovascular and microvascular damage is unclear. Accordingly, the objective of the present study is to investigate the association of macrovascular and microvascular damage with the TyG index. METHODS:A total of 2830 elderly participants from the Northern Shanghai Study (NSS) were enrolled. The TyG index was calculated as ln[fasting triglycerides (mg/dL)?×?fasting glucose (mg/dL)/2]. Parameters of vascular damage, including carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity (cf-PWV), brachial-ankle pulse wave velocity (ba-PWV), ankle-brachial index (ABI), carotid intima-media thickness (CMT), carotid plaque, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and the urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), were measured and calculated. RESULTS:In univariate logistic regression, an increased TyG index was associated with a higher risk of cf-PWV?>?10 m/s, ba-PWV?>?1800 cm/s, ABI?<?0.9, microalbuminuria (MAU) and chronic kidney disease (CKD). In multivariable logistic regression, there was a significant increase in the risk of cf-PWV?>?10 m/s (OR?=?1.86, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] 1.37-2.53, Pfor trend?<?0.001), ba-PWV?>?1800 cm/s (OR?=?1.39, [95% CI] 1.05-1.84, Pfor trend=?0.02), MAU (OR?=?1.61, [95% CI] 1.22-2.13, Pfor trend?<?0.001) and CKD (OR?=?1.67, [95% CI] 1.10-1.50, Pfor trend=?0.02) after adjustment for age, sex, BMI, waist circumference, smoking habit, hypertension, family history of premature CVD, diabetes, HDL-C, LDL-C, insulin therapy and statin therapy. However, no significant relationship was observed between the TyG index and lower extremity atherosclerosis, carotid hypertrophy or carotid plaque. CONCLUSION:An elevated TyG index was significantly associated with a higher risk of arterial stiffness and nephric microvascular damage. This conclusion lends support to the clinical significance of the TyG index for the assessment of vascular damage.

Project description:The omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3 PUFAs), eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), mediate inflammation in large part by affecting pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory/pro-resolving oxylipin concentrations. Common gene variants are thought to underlie the large inter-individual variation in oxylipin levels in response to n-3 PUFA supplementation, which in turn is likely to contribute to the overall heterogeneity in response to n-3 PUFA intervention. Given its known role in inflammation and as a modulator of the physiological response to EPA and DHA, here we explore, for the first time, the differential response of plasma hydroxy-, epoxy- and dihydroxy-arachidonic acid, EPA and DHA oxylipins according to apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype using samples from a dose-response parallel design RCT. Healthy participants were given doses of EPA+DHA equivalent to intakes of 1, 2, and 4 portions of oily fish per week for 12 months. There was no difference in the plasma levels of EPA, DHA or ARA between the wildtype APOE3/E3 and APOE4 carrier groups after 3 or 12 months of n-3 PUFA supplementation. At 12 months, hydroxy EPAs (HEPEs) and hydroxy-DHAs (HDHAs) were higher in APOE4 carriers, with the difference most evident at the highest EPA+DHA intake. A significant APOE*n-3 PUFA dose effect was observed for the CYP-ω hydroxylase products 19-HEPE (p = 0.027) and 20-HEPE (p = 0.011). 8-HEPE, which, along with several other plasma oxylipins, is an activator of peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs), showed the highest fold change in APOE4 carriers (14-fold) compared to APOE3/E3 (4-fold) (p = 0.014). Low basal plasma EPA levels (EPA < 0.85% of total fatty acids) were associated with a greater change in 5-HEPE, 9-HEPE, 11-HEPE, and 20-HEPE compared to high basal EPA levels (EPA > 1.22% of total fatty acids). In conclusion, APOE genotype modulated the plasma oxylipin response to increased EPA+DHA intake, with APOE4 carriers presenting with the greatest increases following high dose n-3 PUFA supplementation for 12 months.

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APOE Genotype Affects Cognitive Training Response in Healthy Shanghai Community-Dwelling Elderly Individuals.

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APOE Genotype Affects Cognitive Training Response in Healthy Shanghai Community-Dwelling Elderly Individuals.

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