Dataset Information

The Influence of Feedback on Task-Switching Performance: A Drift Diffusion Modeling Account.

ABSTRACT: Task-switching is an important cognitive skill that facilitates our ability to choose appropriate behavior in a varied and changing environment. Task-switching training studies have sought to improve this ability by practicing switching between multiple tasks. However, an efficacious training paradigm has been difficult to develop in part due to findings that small differences in task parameters influence switching behavior in a non-trivial manner. Here, for the first time we employ the Drift Diffusion Model (DDM) to understand the influence of feedback on task-switching and investigate how drift diffusion parameters change over the course of task switch training. We trained 316 participants on a simple task where they alternated sorting stimuli by color or by shape. Feedback differed in six different ways between subjects groups, ranging from No Feedback (NFB) to a variety of manipulations addressing trial-wise vs. Block Feedback (BFB), rewards vs. punishments, payment bonuses and different payouts depending upon the trial type (switch/non-switch). While overall performance was found to be affected by feedback, no effect of feedback was found on task-switching learning. Drift Diffusion Modeling revealed that the reductions in reaction time (RT) switch cost over the course of training were driven by a continually decreasing decision boundary. Furthermore, feedback effects on RT switch cost were also driven by differences in decision boundary, but not in drift rate. These results reveal that participants systematically modified their task-switching performance without yielding an overall gain in performance.

SUBMITTER: Cohen Hoffing R

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5801306 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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The Influence of Feedback on Task-Switching Performance: A Drift Diffusion Modeling Account.

Cohen Hoffing Russell R Karvelis Povilas P Rupprechter Samuel S Seriès Peggy P Seitz Aaron R AR

Frontiers in integrative neuroscience 20180202

Task-switching is an important cognitive skill that facilitates our ability to choose appropriate behavior in a varied and changing environment. Task-switching training studies have sought to improve this ability by practicing switching between multiple tasks. However, an efficacious training paradigm has been difficult to develop in part due to findings that small differences in task parameters influence switching behavior in a non-trivial manner. Here, for the first time we employ the Drift Di ...[more]

PMID: 29456494

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Project description:The influence of feedback on performance is a topic of ongoing debate, with some previous studies finding it to be ineffective, while others have discovered that it can be helpful or harmful. One possible reason for these inconsistent results may be that feedback can create a conflict between a person's beliefs and the sensory information they receive. In the present study, we used a Vernier discrimination task to examine the influence of biased feedback on performance, as this type of feedback is most likely to create conflict. Biased feedback refers to feedback that does not align with the subjects' choices. The Vernier discrimination task is a type of psychophysical task that is often used to measure an individual's ability to perceive differences in the position or orientation of two visual stimuli. The task involves presenting two stimuli, one of which is slightly offset from the other, and asking the individual to determine the direction and magnitude of the offset. In Experiment 1, feedback was provided after each trial using large-offset verniers as guidance. The large-offset verniers always received correct feedback, but the small and medium-offset verniers might receive biased feedback. In Experiment 2, feedback was provided after each block of eight verniers. In Experiment 3, we removed the large offset vernier to investigate the influence of block feedback on the signal and noise. The results showed that the accuracy for the target vernier decreased due to biased feedback in both the trial feedback (Experiment 1) and the block feedback (Experiment 2). However, in Experiments 1 and 2, performance improved when feedback was absent. Moreover, if the difference between the two types of stimuli is great, the individual will engage in encoding learning rather than decision learning (Experiments 1 and 2). If the discrimination between the two types of stimuli is low, an individual's ability to discriminate noise is more vulnerable to the influence of biased feedback than the ability to discriminate the signal (Experiment 3). These results are discussed in relation to the mechanism of biased feedback, the process of encoding learning, the monitoring of internal feedback, and the generalization of false decisions.

Dataset Information

The Influence of Feedback on Task-Switching Performance: A Drift Diffusion Modeling Account.

Publications

The Influence of Feedback on Task-Switching Performance: A Drift Diffusion Modeling Account.

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