The effect of floods on anemia among reproductive age women in Afghanistan.
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ABSTRACT:
SUBMITTER: Oskorouchi HR
PROVIDER: S-EPMC5806855 | biostudies-literature | 2018
REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature
Publications
The effect of floods on anemia among reproductive age women in Afghanistan.
Oskorouchi Hamid Reza HR Nie Peng P Sousa-Poza Alfonso A
PloS one 20180209 2
This study uses biomarker information from the 2013 National Nutrition Survey Afghanistan and satellite precipitation driven modeling results from the Global Flood Monitoring System to analyze how floods affect the probability of anemia in Afghan women of reproductive age (15-49). In addition to establishing a causal relation between the two by exploiting the quasi-random variation of floods in different districts and periods, the analysis demonstrates that floods have a significant positive eff ...[more]
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Project description:BackgroundAnemia is a condition characterized by a decline in the number of functional red blood cells or hemoglobin. Women of reproductive age from low- and middle-income countries are at higher risk of anemia, which could lead to prenatal, obstetric and perinatal complications. The aim of our study was to explore associations between anemia status and a set of demographic, socio-economic and reproductive factors, among Ecuadorian women of reproductive age (WRA).MethodsWe used data from non-pregnant, WRA (≥12 and ≤49 years) women enrolled in the nationally representative cross-sectional Ecuadorian National Health and Nutrition Survey 2012 (ENSANUT-ECU 2012). Anemia and moderate-severe anemia were assessed using hemoglobin concentrations cutoffs of <12 g/dL and <11 g/dL, respectively. Logistic regression was used to obtain unadjusted and adjusted prevalence odds ratios (aOR). All analyzes were adjusted for multi-stage sampling, stratification and clustering.ResultsThe study population included a subset of 7415 non-pregnant WRA. Mean hemoglobin concentration was 12.84 g/dL (95% CI = 12.8-12.9). The overall prevalence of anemia and moderate-severe anemia was 16.8% and 5.0%, respectively. Some factors were associated with an increase in anemia prevalence odds: living in Guayaquil (aOR 1.82, 95% CI 1.16-2.84) and Quito (aOR 1.84, 95% CI 1.17-2.90) compared to living in the rural Amazon, having given birth to more than four alive children compared with being nulliparous (aOR 1.85, 95% CI 1.00-3.43), currently taking contraceptives compared with former use (aOR 1.46, 95% CI 1.09-1.97). In addition, moderate-severe anemia was associated with age and region of residence.ConclusionIn 2012, the prevalence of anemia among Ecuadorian WRA was considered a mild public health concern. However, we identified groups with higher anemia prevalence. Thus, emphasizing the importance of analyzing the prevalence in sub-populations of WRA and identifying populations where more frequent surveillance may be helpful.
| S-EPMC7514054 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The role of geographical disparities of health-related risk factors with anemia are poorly documented for women of reproductive age in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). We aimed to determine the contribution of potential factors and to identify areas at higher risk of anemia for women in reproductive age in SSA. Our study population comprised 27 nationally representative samples of women of reproductive age (15-49) who were enrolled in the Demographic and Health Surveys and conducted between 2010 and 2019 in SSA. Overall, we found a positive association between being anemic and the ecological exposure to malaria incidence [adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.02, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02-1.02], and HIV prevalence (AOR = 1.01, CI 1.01-1.02). Women currently pregnant or under deworming medication for the last birth had 31% (AOR = 1.31, CI 1.24-1.39) and 5% (AOR = 1.05, CI 1.01-1.10) higher odds of having anemia, respectively. Similarly, women age 25-34 years old with low education, low income and living in urban settings had higher odds of having anemia. In addition, underweight women had 23% higher odds of suffering anemia (AOR = 1.23, CI 1.15-1.31). Females with low levels of education and wealth index were consistently associated with anemia across SSA. Spatial distribution shows increased risk of anemia in Central and Western Africa. Knowledge about the contribution of known major drivers and the spatial distribution of anemia risk can mitigate operational constraints and help to design geographically targeted intervention programs in SSA.
| S-EPMC8184956 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Iron supplementation and fortification are the well-known approaches to treat iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in women of reproductive age. The objective of the current randomized controlled trial (RCT) was to evaluate the cumulative effects of prebiotics and iron fortification among women of reproductive age. For this purpose, a total of 75 iron deficient women of childbearing age were recruited and randomly divided into 5 groups (4 treatment groups and 1 control group). Four different types of fortified wheat flour were prepared using two iron fortificants (NaFeEDTA and FeSO4) and two prebiotics [inulin and galacto oligosaccharides (GOS)], while control group was treated with iron fortified flour without any prebiotics. Blood samples were collected from overnight fasted women on monthly basis up to 90 days. Hematological indices such as Hemoglobin (Hb), Hematocrit, Red Blood Cell (RBC) Count and Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV), as well as iron biomarkers including serum iron, ferritin, transferrin, and Total Iron Binding Capacity (TIBC) were evaluated for analyses. The results showed a considerable positive improvement in all iron biomarkers as well as hematological indices among the treatment groups (P-value < 0.05), as compared to the control group. A maximum Hb (11.86 ± 0.24 mg/dL) and hematocrit value (35.06 ± 1.32%), was reported in group G3 which was treated with fortified wheat flour at a dose of 963 mg/kg GOS + 15 ppm FeSO4. On the other hand, highest mean values for RBC Count (4.73 ± 0.41 mil/mm3), MCV (81.41 ± 3.21 fL), serum iron (75.62 ± 2.79 μg/dL), serum transferrin (16.82 ± 0.30 mg/dL), and TIBC (403.68 ± 7.27 μg/dL) were observed in G4 group receiving the fortified wheat flour at a dose of 963 mg/kg GOS + 30 ppm FeSO4 level. The study concluded that prebiotic fortification along with iron salts helps to enhance iron absorption among iron deficiency anemic women of reproductive age.
| S-EPMC9702533 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BACKGROUND: Genome-wide-association studies have identified the TMPRSS6 polymorphism rs855791 has the strongest association with red blood cell indices or iron parameters in general population. Whether this genetic variant influences the susceptibility of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in women with menstruation has not been well studied. METHODS: In this case-control study, we enrolled 67 women with IDA and 107 healthy volunteers, and analyzed their complete blood counts, rs855791 genotypes, and menstrual amounts. Menstrual blood loss was evaluated with a pictorial blood-loss assessment chart. RESULTS: There were significantly fewer rs855791 C homozygotes in the IDA group than in the healthy group (11.9% vs. 25.2%, p = 0.03). The odds ratio (OR) of C homozygotes having IDA versus non-CC subjects having IDA was 0.4 (95% CI, 0.17 - 0.95, p = 0.04). When the analysis was confined to study subjects with menorrhagia, this difference became more prominent (9.6% vs. 28.6%, p = 0.01; OR, 0.27, 95% CI, 0.09 - 0.77, p = 0.01). For women with non-CC genotypes, there was an inverse correlation between hemoglobin levels and menstrual loss (p < 0.001); however, this association was not found for those with genotypes CC (p = 0.15). CONCLUSIONS: Our study suggests homozygosity for TMPRSS6 rs855791 C genotype has a protective role against IDA in women at reproductive age, especially in those with menorrhagia.
| S-EPMC4003547 | biostudies-literature
Project description:BackgroundIn low-resource settings, urbanization may contribute to the individual-level double burden of malnutrition (DBM), whereby under- and overnutrition co-occur within the same individuals.ObjectiveWe described DBM prevalence among Malawian women by urban-rural residence, examined whether urban residence was associated with DBM, and assessed whether DBM prevalence was greater than the prevalence expected by chance given population levels of under- and overnutrition, which would suggest DBM is a distinct phenomenon associated with specific factors.MethodsWe analyzed nationally representative data of 723 nonpregnant women aged 15-49 y from the 2015-2016 Malawi Micronutrient Survey. DBM was defined as co-occurring overweight or obesity (OWOB) and ≥1 micronutrient deficiency or anemia. We used Poisson regression models to examine the association between urban residence and DBM and its components. The Rao-Scott modified chi-square test compared the observed and expected DBM prevalence.ResultsNationally, 10.8% (95% CI: 7.0, 14.5) of women had co-occurring OWOB and any micronutrient deficiency and 3.4% (95% CI: 1.3, 5.5) had co-occurring OWOB and anemia. The prevalence of co-occurring OWOB and any micronutrient deficiency was 2 times higher among urban women than rural women [urban 32.6 (24.1, 41.2) compared with rural 8.6 (5.2, 11.9), adjusted prevalence ratio: 2.0 (1.1, 3.5)]. Co-occurring OWOB and anemia prevalence did not significantly differ by residence [urban 6.9 (0.6, 13.2) compared with rural 3.0 (0.8, 5.3)]. There were no statistically significant differences in observed and expected prevalence estimates of DBM.ConclusionsThis analysis shows that co-occurring OWOB and any micronutrient deficiency was higher among women in urban Malawi compared with rural areas. However, our finding that co-occurring OWOB and any micronutrient deficiency or anemia may be due to chance suggests that there may not be common causes driving DBM in Malawian women. Thus, there may not be a need to design and target interventions specifically for women with DBM.
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Project description:There is increasing recognition of the importance of nutrition for reproductive health, but little is known regarding the diet quality of younger vs. older reproductive aged women, and how their intakes relate to dietary recommendations. The purpose of the study was to examine the diets of younger (19-35 years old) compared to older (35-50 years old) reproductive aged women, and how they align with dietary recommendations. Women aged 19-50 years from the 2011-13 Australian National Nutrition and Physical Activity Survey were included (n = 2323). Dietary intakes were assessed by a single 24-h dietary recall and were compared to (i) Australian Dietary Guidelines; (ii) Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution for protein, carbohydrates, and fat; and (iii) Dietary Guideline Index (DGI). Regression analyses comparing younger and older women against recommendations were undertaken, with confounders determined a priori. There was no difference between older and younger women in meeting food group recommendations, with 26% of all women meeting recommendations for fruit, and meat and alternatives, and <20% meeting recommendations for vegetables and alternatives, grains, and dairy. Although there was no difference between older and younger women in total DGI score (mean (SE) 75.6 (1.7) vs. 74.5 (2.5), p > 0.05), older women had higher component scores in limiting saturated fat, consuming low-fat milk, and limiting adding salt during cooking. Continued health promotion for women of reproductive age should be a key priority to improve their own health and that of future generations.
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Project description:BackgroundIron deficiency anemia (IDA) is the highest nutritional deficiency worldwide. It is a multifactorial disease, with a higher morbidity rate. TMPRSS6 polymorphisms importantly rs855791 is found to play an essential role in iron homeostasis in the human body. The rs855791 (T > C) polymorphism is highly associated with iron levels, and multiple blood parameters, leading to IDA. The role of TMPRSS6 rs855791 polymorphism and the significance of complete blood count (CBC) parameters in the pathogenesis of IDA is not yet studied in the Pakistani population.MethodsWe enrolled 113 cases and 136 controls to conduct a case control study. Complete blood count (CBC) and iron parameters were analyzed for association studies. PCR-RFLP based genotyping was performed.ResultsThe TMPRSS6 rs855791 (T > C) polymorphism is significantly associated with IDA pathogenesis as observed in the codominant model and recessive models (P < 0.05, OR: 1.5 and 95% CI: 0.9, 2.6, P < 0.05, OR: 0.5 and 95% CI: 0.2, 0.9 respectively). Elderly women among cases (30-49 years) were found to be more susceptible to IDA (P < 0.05, AOR: 2.1 and 95% CI: 1.0, 4.2). The most significant parameters associated with IDA were red blood cell count (RBC) and hematocrit (Hct%) (P < 0.05, AOR: 16.5, 95% CI: 7.6, 35.9 and P < 0.05, AOR: 10.1, 95% CI: 2.5, 41.6, respectively).ConclusionTMPRSS6 polymorphism at rs855791 (T > C) is significantly associated with IDA susceptibility in reproductive age women in Pakistan. Age, RBC count and Hct% are found to play an important role in IDA pathogenesis in our study population.
| S-EPMC7785418 | biostudies-literature
Project description:The means by which vaginal microbiomes help prevent urogenital diseases in women and maintain health are poorly understood. To gain insight into this, the vaginal bacterial communities of 396 asymptomatic North American women who represented four ethnic groups (white, black, Hispanic, and Asian) were sampled and the species composition characterized by pyrosequencing of barcoded 16S rRNA genes. The communities clustered into five groups: four were dominated by Lactobacillus iners, L. crispatus, L. gasseri, or L. jensenii, whereas the fifth had lower proportions of lactic acid bacteria and higher proportions of strictly anaerobic organisms, indicating that a potential key ecological function, the production of lactic acid, seems to be conserved in all communities. The proportions of each community group varied among the four ethnic groups, and these differences were statistically significant [?(2)(10) = 36.8, P < 0.0001]. Moreover, the vaginal pH of women in different ethnic groups also differed and was higher in Hispanic (pH 5.0 ± 0.59) and black (pH 4.7 ± 1.04) women as compared with Asian (pH 4.4 ± 0.59) and white (pH 4.2 ± 0.3) women. Phylotypes with correlated relative abundances were found in all communities, and these patterns were associated with either high or low Nugent scores, which are used as a factor for the diagnosis of bacterial vaginosis. The inherent differences within and between women in different ethnic groups strongly argues for a more refined definition of the kinds of bacterial communities normally found in healthy women and the need to appreciate differences between individuals so they can be taken into account in risk assessment and disease diagnosis.
| S-EPMC3063603 | biostudies-literature
Project description:Cancer may be detected at any age and could affect children, and reproductive age women as well. In recent years, cancer treatment has become less destructive and more specific. As a result, survival rates and quality of life following successful treatment have continuously improved. Cancer treatment typically involves surgery, chemo- or radiation therapy, or the combinations of these. These interventions often adversely affect the function of the reproductive organs. Chemo- and radiation therapy are known to be gonadotoxic. Survivors of oncologic therapy are typically rendered infertile primarily due to the loss of ovarian function. There are, however, several medical, surgical, and assisted reproductive technology options that could be and should be offered to those diagnosed with cancer and wish to maintain their fertility. Embryo cryopreservation has been available for decades and has been successfully applied for fertility preservation in women diagnosed with cancer. Recent advances in cryobiology have increased the efficacy of not just embryo but even oocyte and ovarian tissue freezing-thawing. Oocyte vitrification just like embryo cryopreservation requires the use of stimulation but does not require the patient to be in a stable relationship or accept the use of donor sperm. Ovarian tissue cryopreservation does not require stimulation and, following successful transplantation, provides the patient with the most eggs but is currently still considered experimental. This paper summarizes the various fertility-sparing medical, surgical and assisted reproductive technology options. It reviews the current status of embryo, oocyte, and ovarian tissue cryopreservation and discusses their risks and benefits.
| S-EPMC4257925 | biostudies-other
Project description:BackgroundAnemia is a major public health concern among women of reproductive age leading to high maternal mortality in low- and middle-income countries. Of the prior studies conducted in Pakistan, most focused on large urban areas and did not explore the determinants of anemia among women of reproductive age (WRA) across socio-demographic, dietary, reproductive, and biological domains. Thus, we aimed to study the prevalence and determinants of anemia among WRA in rural Pakistan.MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study in the Thatta district of Pakistan from September 2018 to January 2019 and enrolled 150 non-pregnant, married women. Data collectors administered a structured questionnaire to collect sociodemographic, reproductive and dietary data from women, who also provided stool and blood samples. We classified all WRA as anemic if their hemoglobin was <12.0 g/dl. We performed logistic regression analysis to calculate adjusted odds ratios (aOR) and their respective 95% CIs to assess the determinants of anemia.ResultsIn our study, 61.3% of the enrolled women were anemic. In the multivariable analysis, we found that factors such as serum iron levels of less than 50 μg/dl (aOR: 7.17; 95% CI (2.94, 17.47)), history of breastfeeding (aOR: 2.43; 95% CI (1.04, 5.72)), living in a katcha house (aOR: 6.61; 95% CI (2.21, 19.87)), no consumption of meat (aOR: 4.18; 95% CI (1.66, 9.96)) were significantly associated with anemia among WRA. A history of more than one abortion (aOR: 0.06; 95% CI (0.01, 0.33) appeared protective for its association with anemia.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate a high burden of anemia and its complex determinants among WRA in rural Pakistan. A combination of nutritional and educational strategies should be designed to encourage rural women to consume iron-rich foods in their diet with an access to adequate food. Breastfeeding women should be encouraged to consume extra calories with sufficient intake of the food to continue exclusive breastfeeding and reserve the iron stores through amenorrhea to prevent themselves from becoming anemic.
| S-EPMC7514090 | biostudies-literature