Dataset Information

Brief Report: Recent Methamphetamine Use Is Associated With Increased Rectal Mucosal Inflammatory Cytokines, Regardless of HIV-1 Serostatus.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Methamphetamine use increases the risk of HIV-1 infection among seronegative users and can exacerbate disease progression in HIV-positive users. The biological mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear. In this cross-sectional pilot study, we examine the associations between recent methamphetamine use and inflammation in the rectal mucosa and peripheral blood compartments in HIV-1 seropositive and seronegative men who have sex with men. METHODS:HIV-seronegative and HIV-seropositive men who have sex with men participants were enrolled (N = 24). Recent methamphetamine use was determined by urine drug screen. Cytokines were quantified using multiplex arrays from collected plasma and rectal sponge samples, and peripheral blood T-cell activation was assessed by flow cytometry. RESULTS:Methamphetamine use was associated with consistently increased rectal inflammatory cytokines, specifically interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, regardless of HIV-1 serostatus in this pilot study. This association was significant after adjusting for age, HIV-serostatus, and receptive anal intercourse frequency using regression analysis. Similar increases were not uniformly observed in peripheral blood. CONCLUSIONS:Methamphetamine use is associated with increased local mucosal inflammatory cytokine production. These findings may help explain the increased HIV-1 risk seen in methamphetamine users and contribute to increased inflammation among HIV-seropositive users.

SUBMITTER: Fulcher JA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5810127 | biostudies-literature | 2018 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Brief Report: Recent Methamphetamine Use Is Associated With Increased Rectal Mucosal Inflammatory Cytokines, Regardless of HIV-1 Serostatus.

Fulcher Jennifer A JA Shoptaw Steven S Makgoeng Solomon B SB Elliott Julie J Ibarrondo F Javier FJ Ragsdale Amy A Brookmeyer Ron R Anton Peter A PA Gorbach Pamina M PM

Journal of acquired immune deficiency syndromes (1999) 20180501 1

<h4>Background</h4>Methamphetamine use increases the risk of HIV-1 infection among seronegative users and can exacerbate disease progression in HIV-positive users. The biological mechanisms underlying these associations remain unclear. In this cross-sectional pilot study, we examine the associations between recent methamphetamine use and inflammation in the rectal mucosa and peripheral blood compartments in HIV-1 seropositive and seronegative men who have sex with men.<h4>Methods</h4>HIV-seroneg ...[more]

PMID: 29419567

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Project description:BackgroundMethamphetamine abuse has undergone a dramatic worldwide increase, and represents a significant and global issue for public health. Incidents of methamphetamine intoxication and death in humans are relatively commonplace. Because of its increasing illicit availability, together with legitimate use in human medicine, accidental or intentional exposure to methamphetamine in dogs is becoming a more likely scenario.Case presentationA 3-year-old, 3.7 kg intact female Miniature Poodle who had been intentionally fed an unknown amount of a crystalline-like substance developed extreme agitation, seizures, tachycardia, hyperthermia, hypertension, disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), bloody diarrhea, and dilated pupils. Blood work revealed leukocytosis, erythropenia, lymphocytosis, thrombocytopenia, coagulation abnormalities, but all to a mild extent, together with mild elevation in both alanine aminotranferease (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALKP), and a mild decreased in glucose. Radiologic diagnosis revealed generalized, severe distension of the stomach and small intestinal tract with air. Immunochromatographic screening tests and gas chromatography mass spectrometry analysis confirmed methamphetamine intoxication and revealed concentrations of methamphetamine in blood and urine of 0.32 μg/mL and 2.35 μg/mL respectively. The dog demonstrated progressive improvement after supportive care, with the high fever resolved over the initial 24 hours of hospitalization, and agitation was successfully controlled beyond 48 hours after initial hospitalization. Hemostatic abnormalities were progressive improved after heparin therapy and supportive care. By the sixth day of hospitalization the dog was clinically well, and all laboratory data had returned to normal with the exception of a mild elevateion of ALKP.ConclusionTo the authors' knowledge, this is the second case report of methamphetamine intoxication in dogs presented in veterinary practice in open literature so far. Although rare, methamphetamine intoxication should be considered as a differential diagnosis in dogs with a toxic substance ingestion history and with typical nervous and cardiovascular system symptoms. In such cases rapid diagnosis and aggressive intervention is important for prognosis. Blood methamphetamine concentration may be a helpful value for assessment of the severity of intoxication and prediction of clinical outcomes.

Dataset Information

Brief Report: Recent Methamphetamine Use Is Associated With Increased Rectal Mucosal Inflammatory Cytokines, Regardless of HIV-1 Serostatus.

Publications

Brief Report: Recent Methamphetamine Use Is Associated With Increased Rectal Mucosal Inflammatory Cytokines, Regardless of HIV-1 Serostatus.

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