Dataset Information

Biological Removal of the Mixed Pharmaceuticals: Diclofenac, Ibuprofen, and Sulfamethoxazole Using a Bacterial Consortium.

ABSTRACT: Background: The presence of pharmaceuticals at low concentrations (ng to ?g) in the environment has become a hot spot for researchers in the past decades due to the unknown environmental impact and the possible damages they might have to the plantae and fauna present in the aquatic systems, as well as to the other living organisms. Objectives: The aim of the present investigation was to develop a bacterial consortium isolated from different origins to evaluate the ability of such a consortium to remove a mixture of pharmaceuticals in the batch system at lab scale, as well as assessment of its resistance to the other micropollutants present in the environment. Material and Methods: Using a closed bottle test, biodegradation of the mixed pharmaceuticals including Diclofenac (DCF), Ibuprofen (IBU), and Sulfamethoxazole (SMX) (at a concentration of 3 mg.L-1 of each drug) by the bacterial consortium was investigated. The test was carried out under metabolic (pharmaceutical was used as the sole source of carbon) and co-metabolic condition (in the presence of glucose). Finally, the ability of the bacterial consortium to resist other micropollutants like antibiotics and heavy metals was investigated. Results: Under the metabolic condition, the mixed bacteria (i.e., consortium) were able to metabolize 23.08% and 9.12% of IBU, and DCF at a concentration of 3 mg.L-1 of each drug, respectively. Whereas, in co-metabolic conditions, IBU was eliminated totally, in addition, 56% of the total concentration of DCF was removed, as well. In both metabolic and cometabolic conditions, removal of SMX was not observed. The selected bacteria were able to resist to most of the applied antibiotics and the used heavy metals, except mercury, where only one strain (S4) was resistant to the later heavy metal. Conclusion: Results suggest that the developed consortium might be an excellent candidate for the application in the bioremediation process for treating ecosystems contaminated with the pharmaceutical.

SUBMITTER: Aissaoui S

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5811055 | biostudies-literature | 2017

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Biological Removal of the Mixed Pharmaceuticals: Diclofenac, Ibuprofen, and Sulfamethoxazole Using a Bacterial Consortium.

Aissaoui Salima S Ouled-Haddar Houria H Sifour Mohamed M Beggah Chérifa C Benhamada Farida F

Iranian journal of biotechnology 20170819 2

<b>Background:</b> The presence of pharmaceuticals at low concentrations (ng to μg) in the environment has become a hot spot for researchers in the past decades due to the unknown environmental impact and the possible damages they might have to the plantae and fauna present in the aquatic systems, as well as to the other living organisms. <b>Objectives:</b> The aim of the present investigation was to develop a bacterial consortium isolated from different origins to evaluate the ability of such a ...[more]

PMID: 29845061

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Project description:Diclofenac (DCF), a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) and sulfamethoxazole (SMX), an antimicrobial agent, are in common use and can be often detected in the environment. The constructed wetland systems (CWs) are one of the technologies to remove them from the aquatic environment. The final effect of the treatment processes depends on many factors, including the interaction between plants and the plant-associated microorganisms present in the system. Bacteria living inside the plant as endophytes are exposed to secondary metabolites in the tissues. Therefore, they can possess the potential to degrade aromatic structures, including residues of pharmaceuticals. The endophytic strain MG7 identified as Microbacterium sp., obtained from root tissues of Phalaris arundinacea exposed to DCF and SMX was tested for the ability to remove 2 mg/l of SMX and DCF in monosubstrate cultures and in the presence of phenol as an additional carbon source. The MG7 strain was able to remove approximately 15% of DCF and 9% of SMX after 20 days of monosubstrate culture. However, a decrease in the optical density of the MG7 strain cultures was observed, caused by an insufficient carbon source for bacterial growth and proliferation. The adsorption of pharmaceuticals onto autoclaved cells was negligible, which confirmed that the tested strain was directly involved in the removal of DCF and SMX. In the presence of phenol as the additional carbon source, the MG7 strain was able to remove approximately 35% of DCF and 61% of SMX, while an increase in the optical density of the cultures was noted. The higher removal efficiency can be explained by adaptive mechanisms in microorganisms exposed to phenol (i.e. changes in the composition of membrane lipids) and by a co-metabolic mechanism, where non-growth substrates can be transformed by non-specific enzymes. The presence of both DCF and SMX and the influence of the supply frequency of CWs with the contaminated wastewater on the diversity of whole endophytic bacterial communities were demonstrated. The results of this study suggest the capability of the MG7 strain to degrade DCF and SMX. This finding deserves further investigations to improve wastewater treatment in CWs with the possible use of pharmaceuticals-degrading endophytes.

Project description:Ibuprofen (IBU) is a significant contaminant frequently found in wastewater treatment plants due to its widespread use and limited removal during treatment processes. This leads to its discharge into the environment, causing considerable environmental concerns. The use of microorganisms has recently been recognized as a sustainable method for mitigating IBU contamination in wastewater. In this study, new bacteria capable of growing in a solid medium with IBU as the only carbon source and removing IBU from a liquid medium were isolated from environmental samples, including soil, marine, mine, and olive mill wastewater. Four bacterial strains, namely Klebsiella pneumoniae TIBU2.1, Klebsiella variicola LOIBU1.1, Pseudomonas aeruginosa LOIBU1.2, and Mycolicibacterium aubagnense HPB1.1, were identified through 16S rRNA gene sequencing. These strains demonstrated significant IBU removal efficiencies, ranging from 60 to 100% within 14 days, starting from an initial IBU concentration of 5 mg per litre. These bacteria have not been previously reported in the literature as IBU degraders, making this work a valuable contribution to further studies in the field of bioremediation in environments contaminated by IBU. Based on the IBU removal results, the most promising bacteria, K. pneumoniae TIBU2.1 and M. aubagnense HPB1.1, were selected for an in silico analysis to identify genes potentially involved in IBU biodegradation. Interestingly, in the tests with TIBU2.1, a peak of IBU transformation product(s) was detected by high-performance liquid chromatography, while in the tests with HPB1.1, it was not detected. The emerging peak was analysed by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, indicating the presence of possible conjugates between intermediates of IBU biodegradation. The proteins encoded on their whole-genome sequences were aligned with proteins involved in an IBU-degrading pathway reported in bacteria with respective catabolic genes. The analysis indicated that strain HPB1.1 possesses genes encoding proteins similar to most enzymes reported associated with the IBU metabolic pathways used as reference bacteria, while strain TIBU2.1 has genes encoding proteins similar to enzymes involved in both the upper and the lower part of that pathway. Notably, in the tests with the strain having more candidate genes encoding IBU-catabolic enzymes, no IBU transformation products were detected, while in the tests with the strain having fewer of these genes, detection occurred.

Dataset Information

Biological Removal of the Mixed Pharmaceuticals: Diclofenac, Ibuprofen, and Sulfamethoxazole Using a Bacterial Consortium.

Publications

Biological Removal of the Mixed Pharmaceuticals: Diclofenac, Ibuprofen, and Sulfamethoxazole Using a Bacterial Consortium.

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