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IFN-stimulated Gene Expression, Type 2 Inflammation, and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Asthma.

ABSTRACT: RATIONALE:Quantification of type 2 inflammation provided a molecular basis for heterogeneity in asthma. Non-type 2 pathways that contribute to asthma pathogenesis are not well understood. OBJECTIVES:To identify dysregulated pathways beyond type 2 inflammation. METHODS:We applied RNA sequencing to airway epithelial brushings obtained from subjects with stable mild asthma not on corticosteroids (n?=?19) and healthy control subjects (n?=?16). Sequencing reads were mapped to human and viral genomes. In the same cohort, and in a separate group with severe asthma (n?=?301), we profiled blood gene expression with microarrays. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS:In airway brushings from mild asthma on inhaled corticosteroids, RNA sequencing yielded 1,379 differentially expressed genes (false discovery rate?

SUBMITTER: Bhakta NR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5811952 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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IFN-stimulated Gene Expression, Type 2 Inflammation, and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Asthma.

Bhakta Nirav R NR Christenson Stephanie A SA Nerella Srilaxmi S Solberg Owen D OD Nguyen Christine P CP Choy David F DF Jung Kyle L KL Garudadri Suresh S Bonser Luke R LR Pollack Joshua L JL Zlock Lorna T LT Erle David J DJ Langelier Charles C Derisi Joseph L JL Arron Joseph R JR Fahy John V JV Woodruff Prescott G PG

American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine 20180201 3

<h4>Rationale</h4>Quantification of type 2 inflammation provided a molecular basis for heterogeneity in asthma. Non-type 2 pathways that contribute to asthma pathogenesis are not well understood.<h4>Objectives</h4>To identify dysregulated pathways beyond type 2 inflammation.<h4>Methods</h4>We applied RNA sequencing to airway epithelial brushings obtained from subjects with stable mild asthma not on corticosteroids (n = 19) and healthy control subjects (n = 16). Sequencing reads were mapped to hu ...[more]

PMID: 29064281

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Project description:High prion protein (PrP) levels are associated with breast, colon and gastric cancer resistance to treatment and with a poor prognosis for the patients. However, little is known about the underlying molecular mechanism(s) regulating human PrP gene (PRNP) expression in cancers. Because endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is associated with solid tumors, we investigated a possible regulation of PRNP gene expression by ER stress.Published microarray databases of breast cancer tissues and breast carcinoma cell lines were analyzed for PrP mRNA and ER stress marker immunoglobulin heavy chain binding protein (BiP) levels. Breast cancer tissue microarrays (TMA) were immunostained for BiP and PrP. Breast carcinoma MCF-7, MDA-MB-231, HS578T and HCC1500 cells were treated with three different ER stressors - Brefeldin A, Tunicamycin, Thapsigargin - and levels of PrP mRNA or protein assessed by RT-PCR and Western blot analyses. A human PRNP promoter-luciferase reporter was used to assess transcriptional activation by ER stressors. Site-directed mutagenesis identified the ER stress response elements (ERSE). Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) analyses were done to identify the ER stress-mediated transcriptional regulators. The role of cleaved activating transcription factor 6? (?ATF6?) and spliced X-box protein-1 (sXBP1) in PRNP gene expression was assessed with over-expression or silencing techniques. The role of PrP protection against ER stress was assessed with PrP siRNA and by using Prnp null cell lines.We find that mRNA levels of BiP correlated with PrP transcript levels in breast cancer tissues and breast carcinoma cell lines. PrP mRNA levels were enriched in the basal subtype and were associated with poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. Higher PrP and BiP levels correlated with increasing tumor grade in TMA. ER stress was a positive regulator of PRNP gene transcription in MCF-7 cells and luciferase reporter assays identified one ER stress response element (ERSE) conserved among primates and rodents and three primate-specific ERSEs that regulated PRNP gene expression. Among the various transactivators of the ER stress-regulated unfolded protein response (UPR), ATF6? and XBP1 transactivated PRNP gene expression, but the ability of these varied in different cell types. Functionally, PrP delayed ER stress-induced cell death.These results establish PRNP as a novel ER stress-regulated gene that could increase survival in breast cancers.

Dataset Information

IFN-stimulated Gene Expression, Type 2 Inflammation, and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Asthma.

Publications

IFN-stimulated Gene Expression, Type 2 Inflammation, and Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Asthma.

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