Dataset Information

Association Between Teaching Status and Mortality in US Hospitals.

ABSTRACT: Few studies have analyzed contemporary data on outcomes at US teaching hospitals vs nonteaching hospitals.To examine risk-adjusted outcomes for patients admitted to teaching vs nonteaching hospitals across a broad range of medical and surgical conditions.Use of national Medicare data to compare mortality rates in US teaching and nonteaching hospitals for all hospitalizations and for common medical and surgical conditions among Medicare beneficiaries 65 years and older.Hospital teaching status: major teaching hospitals (members of the Council of Teaching Hospitals), minor teaching hospitals (other hospitals with medical school affiliation), and nonteaching hospitals (remaining hospitals).Primary outcome was 30-day mortality rate for all hospitalizations and for 15 common medical and 6 surgical conditions. Secondary outcomes included 30-day mortality stratified by hospital size and 7-day mortality and 90-day mortality for all hospitalizations as well as for individual medical and surgical conditions.The sample consisted of 21?451?824 total hospitalizations at 4483 hospitals, of which 250 (5.6%) were major teaching, 894 (19.9%) were minor teaching, and 3339 (74.3%) were nonteaching hospitals. Unadjusted 30-day mortality was 8.1% at major teaching hospitals, 9.2% at minor teaching hospitals, and 9.6% at nonteaching hospitals, with a 1.5% (95% CI, 1.3%-1.7%; P?

SUBMITTER: Burke LG

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5815039 | biostudies-literature | 2017 May

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Association Between Teaching Status and Mortality in US Hospitals.

Burke Laura G LG Frakt Austin B AB Khullar Dhruv D Orav E John EJ Jha Ashish K AK

JAMA 20170501 20

<h4>Importance</h4>Few studies have analyzed contemporary data on outcomes at US teaching hospitals vs nonteaching hospitals.<h4>Objective</h4>To examine risk-adjusted outcomes for patients admitted to teaching vs nonteaching hospitals across a broad range of medical and surgical conditions.<h4>Design, setting, and participants</h4>Use of national Medicare data to compare mortality rates in US teaching and nonteaching hospitals for all hospitalizations and for common medical and surgical conditi ...[more]

PMID: 28535236

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Project description:BackgroundPhysician medical specialties place specific demands on medical staff. Often patients have multiple co-morbidities, frailty is common, and mortality rates are higher than other specialties such as surgery. The key intervention for patients admitted under physician subspecialties is the care provided on the ward. The current evidence base to inform staffing in physician medical specialty wards is limited. The aim of this analysis is to investigate the association between medical staffing levels within physician medical specialties and mortality.MethodsThis study is a cross-sectional analysis of national data, which is aggregated at provider level. Medical beds per senior, middle grade and junior physicians employed in physician medical specialties were calculated from national employment records for acute hospitals in England, in 2017. Outcome measures included unadjusted mortality rate and Summary Hospital-level Mortality Indicator (SHMI) in physician medical specialties. Both Raw mortality and SHMI include deaths during admission or within 30 days following discharge. Linear regression models were constructed for each medical staffing grade for unadjusted mortality, SHMI and SHMI adjusted for local provider factors.FindingsThe mean number of medical beds per senior, middle grade and junior physicians were 7.3(SD 2.5), 19.7(11.5), 10.1(3.1) respectively. Lower bed numbers per medical staff grade were associated with lower than expected mortality by SHMI; senior(Coefficient 0.012(95%CI:0.005-0.018),p = 0.001), middle grade(0.002(0.0002-0.005),p = 0.032) and junior(0.008(0.002-0.015),p = 0.014). Hospital providers were more likely to achieve a better than expected mortality (SHMI<1) if beds per physician were lower than; 5.3, 14.6 and 9.0 for senior, middle grade and junior doctors respectively.InterpretationAcute hospital providers with fewer beds per medical staff of all grades are associated with lower than expected mortality.FundingNo external funding is associated with this analysis.

Project description:OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the association between systems characteristics and esophagectomy mortality at low-volume hospitals BACKGROUND:High-volume hospitals have lower esophagectomy mortality rates, but receiving care at such centers is not always feasible. We examined low-volume hospitals and sought to identify characteristics of those with better outcomes. METHODS:Using national data from Medicare and the American Hospital Association, we studied 4498 elderly patients who underwent an esophagectomy from 2004 to 2007. We divided hospitals into terciles based on esophagectomy volume and examined characteristics of patients and hospitals (size, nurse ratios, and presence of advanced medical, surgical, and radiological services). Our primary outcome was mortality. We identified 5 potentially beneficial systems characteristics in our data set and used multivariable logistic regression to determine whether these characteristics were associated with lower mortality rates at low-volume hospitals. RESULTS:Of the 874 hospitals that performed esophagectomies, 83% (723) were low-volume hospitals whereas only 3% (25) were high-volume. Low-volume hospitals performed a median of 1 esophagectomy during the 4-year study period and cared for patients that were older, more likely to be minority, and more likely to have multiple comorbidities compared with high-volume centers. Low-volume hospitals that had at least 3 of 5 characteristics (high nurse ratios, lung transplantation services, complex medical oncology services, bariatric surgery services, and positron emission tomography scanners) had markedly lower mortality rates compared with low-volume hospitals with none of these characteristics (12.5% vs. 5.0%; P value = 0.042). CONCLUSIONS:Low-volume hospitals with certain systems characteristics seem to achieve better esophagectomy outcomes. A more comprehensive study of the beneficial characteristics of low-volume hospitals is warranted because high-volume hospitals are difficult to access for many patients.

Project description:ObjectivesThe primary aims of this study were to investigate if exposure to antenatal corticosteroids (ACS) was associated with lower rates of perinatal mortality (primary outcome) and other adverse perinatal outcomes (i.e., stillbirth, early neonatal mortality, APGAR score of < 7 at 5 mins, neonatal sepsis and respiratory distress syndrome) in preterm infants in hospitals in Tanzania. We also examine factors associated with administration of ACS among women at risk of preterm delivery.MethodsA hospital-based prospective chart review study was undertaken in four hospitals located in Nyamagana and Sengerema districts, Tanzania. The study population included all stillborn and live born preterm infants delivered between 24 to 34 weeks of gestation between July 2019 to February 2020. A total 1125 preterm infants were delivered by 1008 women (895 singletons, 230 multiple). Sociodemographic and medical data were recorded from participants' medical records.ResultsThree hundred and fifty-six (35.3%) women were administered at least one dose of ACS between 24 to 34 weeks' gestation and 385 (34.2%) infants were exposed to ACS. Infants exposed to ACS had a lower rate of perinatal mortality (13.77%) compared to those who were not exposed (28.38%). Multivariate analysis indicated that infants exposed to ACS were less likely to die during perinatal period, aRR 0.34 (95%CI 0.26-0.44). Only one-third of the sample was provided with ACS. Administration of ACS was associated with maternal education, attending antenatal care more than 3 times, method used to assess gestational age, maternal infection, exposure to maternal antibiotics, delivery mode and level of health facility.ConclusionACS significantly reduced the risk in perinatal mortality among infants born preterm in a limited resource setting. However, only about one-third of eligible women were provided with ACS, indicating low usage of ACS. Numerous factors were associated with low usage of ACS in this setting.

Project description:To determine the impact of the Hospital Value-Based Purchasing (HVBP) program-the US pay for performance program introduced by Medicare to incentivize higher quality care-on 30 day mortality for three incentivized conditions: acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, and pneumonia.Observational study.4267 acute care hospitals in the United States: 2919 participated in the HVBP program and 1348 were ineligible and used as controls (44 in general hospitals in Maryland and 1304 critical access hospitals across the United States).2?430?618 patients admitted to US hospitals from 2008 through 2013.30 day risk adjusted mortality for acute myocardial infarction, heart failure, and pneumonia using a patient level linear spline analysis to examine the association between the introduction of the HVBP program and 30 day mortality. Non-incentivized, medical conditions were the comparators. A secondary outcome measure was to determine whether the introduction of the HVBP program was particularly beneficial for a subgroup of hospital-poor performers at baseline-that may benefit the most.Mortality rates of incentivized conditions in hospitals participating in the HVBP program declined at -0.13% for each quarter during the preintervention period and -0.03% point difference for each quarter during the post-intervention period. For non-HVBP hospitals, mortality rates declined at -0.14% point difference for each quarter during the preintervention period and -0.01% point difference for each quarter during the post-intervention period. The difference in the mortality trends between the two groups was small and non-significant (difference in difference in trends -0.03% point difference for each quarter, 95% confidence interval -0.08% to 0.13% point difference, P=0.35). In no subgroups of hospitals was HVBP associated with better outcomes, including poor performers at baseline.Evidence that HVBP has led to lower mortality rates is lacking. Nations considering similar pay for performance programs may want to consider alternative models to achieve improved patient outcomes.

Dataset Information

Association Between Teaching Status and Mortality in US Hospitals.

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Association Between Teaching Status and Mortality in US Hospitals.

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