Dataset Information

FTO genotype, dietary protein intake, and body weight in a multiethnic population of young adults: a cross-sectional study.

ABSTRACT: Background:Variation in the fat mass and obesity-associated gene (FTO) has been associated with susceptibility to obesity, but the association appears to be modified by diet. We investigated whether dietary protein intake modifies the association between FTO variant rs1558902 and body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference in young adults (n?=?1491) from the cross-sectional Toronto Nutrigenomics and Health Study. Results:Lifestyle, genetic, anthropometric, and biochemical data were collected and diet was assessed using a Toronto-modified Willett Food Frequency Questionnaire. General linear models stratified by ethnicity and adjusted for age, sex, and total energy intake were used to examine the association between FTO genotypes and measures of body weight, and whether protein intake modified any of the associations. East Asians who were homozygous for the rs1558902 risk allele (A) had a greater BMI (p?=?0.004) and waist circumference (p?=?0.03) than T allele carriers. This association was not observed in individuals of Caucasian or South Asian ancestry. Among East Asians, a significant FTO-protein interaction was observed for BMI (p?=?0.01) and waist circumference (p?=?0.007). Those with low protein intake (??18% total energy intake) who were homozygous for the rs1558902 risk allele (A) had significantly higher BMI (p??18% total energy intake). Compared to Caucasians and South Asians, East Asians consumed a significantly higher ratio of animal-to-plant protein (p?

SUBMITTER: Merritt DC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5819260 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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<i>FTO</i> genotype, dietary protein intake, and body weight in a multiethnic population of young adults: a cross-sectional study.

Merritt David C DC Jamnik Joseph J El-Sohemy Ahmed A

Genes & nutrition 20180220

<h4>Background</h4>Variation in the fat mass and obesity-associated gene (<i>FTO</i>) has been associated with susceptibility to obesity, but the association appears to be modified by diet. We investigated whether dietary protein intake modifies the association between <i>FTO</i> variant rs1558902 and body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference in young adults (<i>n</i> = 1491) from the cross-sectional Toronto Nutrigenomics and Health Study.<h4>Results</h4>Lifestyle, genetic, anthropometric, a ...[more]

PMID: 29484031

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Project description:The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) isolation has altered individuals' food purchasing behaviour and dietary intake patterns. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the changes in dietary intake patterns and their impacts on the weight status of young adults in Malaysia during the COVID-19 lockdown. This cross-sectional study involved 1045 young adults in Malaysia. The changes in dietary intake patterns were assessed using the Dietary Diversity Questionnaire with slight modifications, while anthropometric measurements including body height, body weight before the pandemic and current body weight were self-reported. Overall, nearly half of the respondents (48.8%) gained weight during the confinement, with an average increment of 4.06 ± 3.23 kg. Of 1045, 45.3% reported consuming more fruits and 60.2% had higher plain water intake during the pandemic. It is observed that 41.0% to 66.8% of the young adults changed their dietary intake patterns during the pandemic. Increased consumption in cereals and grains (β = 0.084, p = 0.015, 95% CI = 0.017-0.160), as well as oils and fats (β = 0.123, p = 0.001, 95% CI = 0.059-0.241), was positively associated with weight gain during the pandemic. On the contrary, an increased plain water intake was negatively associated with weight gain during the lockdown (β = -0.100, p = 0.003, 95% CI = -0.171--0.034). Findings in the current study also suggested that cutting back cereals and grains (β = 0.156, p < 0.001, 95% CI = 0.122-0.288), as well as oils and fats (β = 0.091, p = 0.012, 95% CI = 0.022-0.183), contributed significantly to weight loss during the pandemic confinement. In conclusion, the enforcement of the Movement Control Order (MCO) drove up the prevalence of overweight/obesity among young adults in Malaysia. Increased consumption of cereals and grains and oils and fats contributed to weight gain in the pandemic lockdown. Nonetheless, a noticeable proportion of young adults in Malaysia shifted to a healthier food choice by increasing the consumption of fruits and vegetables.

Project description:Background:Variants in the first intron of the fat mass and obesity-associated (FTO) gene increase obesity risk. People with "high-risk" FTO genotypes exhibit preference for high-fat foods, reduced satiety responsiveness, and greater food intake consistent with impaired satiety. Objective:We sought central nervous system mechanisms that might underlie impaired satiety perception in people with a higher risk of obesity based on their FTO genotype. Design:We performed a cross-sectional study in a sample that was enriched for obesity and included 20 higher-risk participants with the AA (risk) genotype at the rs9939609 locus of FTO and 94 lower-risk participants with either the AT or TT genotype. We compared subjective appetite, appetite-regulating hormones, caloric intake at a buffet meal, and brain response to visual food cues in an extended satiety network using functional MRI scans acquired before and after a standardized meal. Results:Higher-risk participants reported less subjective fullness (?2 = 7.48, P < 0.01), rated calorie-dense food as more appealing (?2 = 3.92, P < 0.05), and consumed ?350 more kilocalories than lower-risk participants (? = 348 kcal, P = 0.03), even after adjusting for fat or lean mass. Premeal, the higher-risk group had greater activation by "fattening" food images (compared with objects) in the medial orbital frontal cortex (? = 11.6; 95% CI: 1.5, 21.7; P < 0.05). Postmeal, the higher-risk subjects had greater activation by fattening (compared with nonfattening) food cues in the ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra (? = 12.8; 95% CI: 2.7, 23.0; P < 0.05), amygdala (? = 10.6; 95% CI: 0.7, 20.5; P < 0.05), and ventral striatum (? = 6.9; 95% CI: 0.2, 13.7; P < 0.05). Moreover, postmeal activation by fattening food cues within the preselected extended satiety network was positively associated with energy intake at the buffet meal (R2 = 0.29, P = 0.04) and this relation was particularly strong in the dorsal striatum (R2 = 0.28, P = 0.01), amygdala (R2 = 0.28, P = 0.03), and ventral tegmental area/substantia nigra (R2 = 0.27, P = 0.01). Conclusion:The findings are consistent with a model in which allelic variants in FTO raise obesity risk through impaired central nervous system satiety processing, thereby increasing food intake. This study is registered at clinicaltrials.gov as NCT02483663.

Project description:BACKGROUND:The risk of obesity is determined by complex interactions between genetic and environmental factors. Little research to date has investigated the interaction between gene and food intake. The aim of the current study is to explore the potential effect of fat mass and obesity-associated protein gene (FTO) rs9939609 and rs9930506 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) on the pattern of food intake in the Emirati population. METHODS:Adult healthy Emirati subjects with Body mass index (BMI) of 16-40 kg/m2 were included in the study. Genotyping for FTO rs9939609(A>T) and rs9930506(A>G) was performed using DNA from saliva samples. Subjects were categorized according to the WHO classification by calculating the BMI to compare different classes. Dietary intake was assessed by a sixty-one-item FFQ that estimated food and beverage intakes over the past year. The daily energy, macronutrient, and micronutrient consumption were computed. RESULTS:We included 169 subjects in the final analysis (mean age 30.49± 9.1years, 57.4% females). The mean BMI of the study population was 26.19 kg/m2. Both SNPs were in Hardy Weinberg Equilibrium. The rs9939609 AA genotype was significantly associated with higher BMI (p = 0.004); the effect was significant in females (p = 0.028), but not in males (p = 0.184). Carbohydrate intake was significantly higher in AA subjects with a trend of lower fat intake compared to other genotypes. The odds ratio for the AA was 3.78 in the fourth quartile and 2.67 for the A/T in the second quartile of total carbohydrate intake, considering the first quartile as a reference (95% CI = 1.017-14.1 and 1.03-6.88, respectively). Fat intake was significantly lower in the FTO rs9930506 GG subjects. The presence of FTO rs9930506 GG genotype decreased the fat intake in subjects with FTO rs9939609 AA (p = 0.037). CONCLUSIONS:The results of this study highlight the interaction of the FTO risk alleles on the food intake in Emirati subjects. The FTO rs9939609 AA subjects had higher carbohydrate and lower fat intake. The latter was accentuated in presence of rs9930506 GG genotype.

Dataset Information

FTO genotype, dietary protein intake, and body weight in a multiethnic population of young adults: a cross-sectional study.

Publications

<i>FTO</i> genotype, dietary protein intake, and body weight in a multiethnic population of young adults: a cross-sectional study.

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