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3D printed water-soluble scaffolds for rapid production of PDMS micro-fluidic flow chambers.

ABSTRACT: We report a novel method for fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) biocompatible micro-fluidic flow chambers in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) by 3D-printing water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) filaments as master scaffolds. The scaffolds are first embedded in the PDMS and later residue-free dissolved in water leaving an inscription of the scaffolds in the hardened PDMS. We demonstrate the strength of our method using a regular, cheap 3D printer, and evaluate the inscription process and the channels micro-fluidic properties using image analysis and digital holographic microscopy. Furthermore, we provide a protocol that allows for direct printing on coverslips and we show that flow chambers with a channel cross section down to 40 ?m × 300 ?m can be realized within 60 min. These flow channels are perfectly transparent, biocompatible and can be used for microscopic applications without further treatment. Our proposed protocols facilitate an easy, fast and adaptable production of micro-fluidic channel designs that are cost-effective, do not require specialized training and can be used for a variety of cell and bacterial assays. To help readers reproduce our micro-fluidic devices, we provide: full preparation protocols, 3D-printing CAD files for channel scaffolds and our custom-made molding device, 3D printer build-plate leveling instructions, and G-code.

SUBMITTER: Dahlberg T

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5820269 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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3D printed water-soluble scaffolds for rapid production of PDMS micro-fluidic flow chambers.

Dahlberg Tobias T Stangner Tim T Zhang Hanqing H Wiklund Krister K Lundberg Petter P Edman Ludvig L Andersson Magnus M

Scientific reports 20180220 1

We report a novel method for fabrication of three-dimensional (3D) biocompatible micro-fluidic flow chambers in polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS) by 3D-printing water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) filaments as master scaffolds. The scaffolds are first embedded in the PDMS and later residue-free dissolved in water leaving an inscription of the scaffolds in the hardened PDMS. We demonstrate the strength of our method using a regular, cheap 3D printer, and evaluate the inscription process and the chann ...[more]

PMID: 29463819

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Project description:The aim of this study was to predefine the pore structure of ?-tricalcium phosphate (?-TCP) scaffolds with different macro pore sizes (500, 750, and 1000 µm), to characterize ?-TCP scaffolds, and to investigate the growth behavior of cells within these scaffolds. The lead structures for directional bone growth (sacrificial structures) were produced from polylactide (PLA) using the fused deposition modeling techniques. The molds were then filled with ?-TCP slurry and sintered at 1250 °C, whereby the lead structures (voids) were burnt out. The scaffolds were mechanically characterized (native and after incubation in simulated body fluid (SBF) for 28 d). In addition, biocompatibility was investigated by live/dead, cell proliferation and lactate dehydrogenase assays. The scaffolds with a strand spacing of 500 µm showed the highest compressive strength, both untreated (3.4 ± 0.2 MPa) and treated with simulated body fluid (2.8 ± 0.2 MPa). The simulated body fluid reduced the stability of the samples to 82% (500), 62% (750) and 56% (1000). The strand spacing and the powder properties of the samples were decisive factors for stability. The fact that ?-TCP is a biocompatible material is confirmed by the experiments. No lactate dehydrogenase activity of the cells was measured, which means that no cytotoxicity of the material could be detected. In addition, the proliferation rate of all three sizes increased steadily over the test days until saturation. The cells were largely adhered to or within the scaffolds and did not migrate through the scaffolds to the bottom of the cell culture plate. The cells showed increased growth, not only on the outer surface (e.g., 500: 36 ± 33 vital cells/mm² after three days, 180 ± 33 cells/mm² after seven days, and 308 ± 69 cells/mm² after 10 days), but also on the inner surface of the samples (e.g., 750: 49 ± 17 vital cells/mm² after three days, 200 ± 84 cells/mm² after seven days, and 218 ± 99 living cells/mm² after 10 days). This means that the inverse 3D printing method is very suitable for the presetting of the pore structure and for the ingrowth of the cells. The experiments on which this work is based have shown that the fused deposition modeling process with subsequent slip casting and sintering is well suited for the production of scaffolds for bone replacement.

Dataset Information

3D printed water-soluble scaffolds for rapid production of PDMS micro-fluidic flow chambers.

Publications

3D printed water-soluble scaffolds for rapid production of PDMS micro-fluidic flow chambers.

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