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Synchrotron x-ray imaging visualization study of capillary-induced flow and critical heat flux on surfaces with engineered micropillars.

ABSTRACT: Over the last several decades, phenomena related to critical heat flux (CHF) on structured surfaces have received a large amount of attention from the research community. The purpose of such research has been to enhance the safety and efficiency of a variety of thermal systems. A number of theories have been put forward to explain the key CHF enhancement mechanisms on structured surfaces. However, these theories have not been confirmed experimentally because of limitations in the available visualization techniques and the complexity of the phenomena. To overcome these limitations and elucidate the CHF enhancement mechanism on the structured surfaces, we introduce synchrotron x-ray imaging with high spatial (~2 ?m) and temporal (~20,000 Hz) resolutions. This technique has enabled us to confirm that capillary-induced flow is the key CHF enhancement mechanism on structured surfaces.

SUBMITTER: Yu DI

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5825216 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Synchrotron x-ray imaging visualization study of capillary-induced flow and critical heat flux on surfaces with engineered micropillars.

Yu Dong In DI Kwak Ho Jae HJ Noh Hyunwoo H Park Hyun Sun HS Fezzaa Kamel K Kim Moo Hwan MH

Science advances 20180223 2

Over the last several decades, phenomena related to critical heat flux (CHF) on structured surfaces have received a large amount of attention from the research community. The purpose of such research has been to enhance the safety and efficiency of a variety of thermal systems. A number of theories have been put forward to explain the key CHF enhancement mechanisms on structured surfaces. However, these theories have not been confirmed experimentally because of limitations in the available visua ...[more]

PMID: 29492453

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Project description:Quantification of dental long-period growth lines (Retzius lines in enamel and Andresen lines in dentine) and matching of stress patterns (internal accentuated lines and hypoplasias) are used in determining crown formation time and age at death in juvenile fossil hominins. They yield the chronology employed for inferences of life history. Synchrotron virtual histology has been demonstrated as a non-destructive alternative to conventional invasive approaches. Nevertheless, fossil teeth are sometimes poorly preserved or physically inaccessible, preventing observation of the external expression of incremental lines (perikymata and periradicular bands). Here we present a new approach combining synchrotron virtual histology and high quality three-dimensional rendering of dental surfaces and internal interfaces. We illustrate this approach with seventeen permanent fossil hominin teeth. The outer enamel surface and enamel-dentine junction (EDJ) were segmented by capturing the phase contrast fringes at the structural interfaces. Three-dimensional models were rendered with Phong's algorithm, and a combination of directional colored lights to enhance surface topography and the pattern of subtle variations in tissue density. The process reveals perikymata and linear enamel hypoplasias on the entire crown surface, including unerupted teeth. Using this method, highly detailed stress patterns at the EDJ allow precise matching of teeth within an individual's dentition when virtual histology is not sufficient. We highlight that taphonomical altered enamel can in particular cases yield artificial subdivisions of perikymata when imaged using X-ray microtomography with insufficient resolution. This may complicate assessments of developmental time, although this can be circumvented by a careful analysis of external and internal structures in parallel. We further present new crown formation times for two unerupted canines from South African Australopiths, which were found to form over a rather surprisingly long time (> 4.5 years). This approach provides tools for maximizing the recovery of developmental information in teeth, especially in the most difficult cases.

Dataset Information

Synchrotron x-ray imaging visualization study of capillary-induced flow and critical heat flux on surfaces with engineered micropillars.

Publications

Synchrotron x-ray imaging visualization study of capillary-induced flow and critical heat flux on surfaces with engineered micropillars.

Similar Datasets

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