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Dectin-1 Positive Dendritic Cells Expand after Infection with Leishmania major Parasites and Represent Promising Targets for Vaccine Development.

ABSTRACT: Resistant mouse strains mount a protective T cell-mediated immune response upon infection with Leishmania (L.) parasites. Healing correlates with a T helper (Th) cell-type 1 response characterized by a pronounced IFN-? production, while susceptibility is associated with an IL-4-dependent Th2-type response. It has been shown that dermal dendritic cells are crucial for inducing protective Th1-mediated immunity. Additionally, there is growing evidence that C-type lectin receptor (CLR)-mediated signaling is involved in directing adaptive immunity against pathogens. However, little is known about the function of the CLR Dectin-1 in modulating Th1- or Th2-type immune responses by DC subsets in leishmaniasis. We characterized the expression of Dectin-1 on CD11c⁺ DCs in peripheral blood, at the site of infection, and skin-draining lymph nodes of L. major-infected C57BL/6 and BALB/c mice and in peripheral blood of patients suffering from cutaneous leishmaniasis (CL). Both mouse strains responded with an expansion of Dectin-1⁺ DCs within the analyzed tissues. In accordance with the experimental model, Dectin-1⁺ DCs expanded as well in the peripheral blood of CL patients. To study the role of Dectin-1⁺ DCs in adaptive immunity against L. major, we analyzed the T cell stimulating potential of bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (BMDCs) in the presence of the Dectin-1 agonist Curdlan. These experiments revealed that Curdlan induces the maturation of BMDCs and the expansion of Leishmania-specific CD4⁺ T cells. Based on these findings, we evaluated the impact of Curdlan/Dectin-1 interactions in experimental leishmaniasis and were able to demonstrate that the presence of Curdlan at the site of infection modulates the course of disease in BALB/c mice: wild-type BALB/c mice treated intradermally with Curdlan developed a protective immune response against L. major whereas Dectin-1^-/- BALB/c mice still developed the fatal course of disease after Curdlan treatment. Furthermore, the vaccination of BALB/c mice with a combination of soluble L. major antigens and Curdlan was able to provide a partial protection from severe leishmaniasis. These findings indicate that the ligation of Dectin-1 on DCs acts as an important checkpoint in adaptive immunity against L. major and should therefore be considered in future whole-organism vaccination strategies.

SUBMITTER: Zimara N

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5834765 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Dectin-1 Positive Dendritic Cells Expand after Infection with <i>Leishmania major</i> Parasites and Represent Promising Targets for Vaccine Development.

Zimara Nicole N Chanyalew Menberework M Aseffa Abraham A van Zandbergen Ger G Lepenies Bernd B Schmid Maximilian M Weiss Richard R Rascle Anne A Wege Anja Kathrin AK Jantsch Jonathan J Schatz Valentin V Brown Gordon D GD Ritter Uwe U

Frontiers in immunology 20180226

Resistant mouse strains mount a protective T cell-mediated immune response upon infection with <i>Leishmania</i> (L.) parasites. Healing correlates with a T helper (Th) cell-type 1 response characterized by a pronounced IFN-γ production, while susceptibility is associated with an IL-4-dependent Th2-type response. It has been shown that dermal dendritic cells are crucial for inducing protective Th1-mediated immunity. Additionally, there is growing evidence that C-type lectin receptor (CLR)-mediat ...[more]

PMID: 29535708

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Project description:Leishmania (L) are intracellular protozoan parasites which are able to survive and replicate within the harsh and potentially hostile phago-lysosomal environment of mammalian mononuclear phagocytes. A complex interplay then takes place between the macrophage (MΦ) striving to eliminate the pathogen and the parasite struggling for its own survival. To investigate, at the transcriptional level, this host-parasite conflict in the context of monocyte-derived human MΦs (MDM) infection by L. major metacyclic promastigotes, the quantitative technique of serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) was used. After extracting mRNA from resting human MΦs, Leishmania-infected human MΦs and L. major parasites, three SAGE libraries were constructed and sequenced generating up to 28,173; 57,514 and 33,906 tags respectively (corresponding to 12,946; 23,442 and 9,530 unique tags). Using computational data analysis and direct comparison to 394,059 publicly available experimental human tags, the parasite and the host cell transcriptomes were then simultaneously characterized from the mixed cellular extract, allowing to confidently discriminate host from parasite transcripts. This procedure led us to reliably assign 3,814 tags to MΦs’ and 3,666 tags to L. major parasites’ transcripts. We focused on those, showing significant changes in their expression that are likely to be relevant to the pathogenesis of parasite infection: (i) human MΦs genes, belonging to key immune response proteins (i.e. IFNγ pathway, S100 and chemokine families) and (ii) a group of Leishmania genes showing a preferential expression at the intra-cellular developing stage of the parasite. Dual SAGE transcriptome analysis provided a useful, powerful and accurate approach to discriminate between genes of human or parasitic origin in Leishmania-infected human MΦs. The findings presented in this work suggest that the Leishmania parasite is modulating key transcripts in the human MΦs that may be beneficial for its establishment and survival and provided an overview of gene expression at two developmental stages of the parasite, namely metacyclic promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes, indicating a broad difference between their transcriptomic profiles. Finally, our reported set of expressed genes could deserve future rounds of data mining and gene annotation. Keywords: Leishmania major, Human macrophages, in vitro, infection, transcriptome, SAGE

Project description:BACKGROUND: Leishmania (L) are intracellular protozoan parasites that are able to survive and replicate within the harsh and potentially hostile phagolysosomal environment of mammalian mononuclear phagocytes. A complex interplay then takes place between the macrophage (MPhi) striving to eliminate the pathogen and the parasite struggling for its own survival. To investigate this host-parasite conflict at the transcriptional level, in the context of monocyte-derived human MPhis (MDM) infection by L. major metacyclic promastigotes, the quantitative technique of serial analysis of gene expression (SAGE) was used. RESULTS: After extracting mRNA from resting human MPhis, Leishmania-infected human MPhis and L. major parasites, three SAGE libraries were constructed and sequenced generating up to 28,173; 57,514 and 33,906 tags respectively (corresponding to 12,946; 23,442 and 9,530 unique tags). Using computational data analysis and direct comparison to 357,888 publicly available experimental human tags, the parasite and the host cell transcriptomes were then simultaneously characterized from the mixed cellular extract, confidently discriminating host from parasite transcripts. This procedure led us to reliably assign 3,814 tags to MPhis' and 3,666 tags to L. major parasites transcripts. We focused on these, showing significant changes in their expression that are likely to be relevant to the pathogenesis of parasite infection: (i) human MPhis genes, belonging to key immune response proteins (e.g., IFNgamma pathway, S100 and chemokine families) and (ii) a group of Leishmania genes showing a preferential expression at the parasite's intra-cellular developing stage. CONCLUSION: Dual SAGE transcriptome analysis provided a useful, powerful and accurate approach to discriminating genes of human or parasitic origin in Leishmania-infected human MPhis. The findings presented in this work suggest that the Leishmania parasite modulates key transcripts in human MPhis that may be beneficial for its establishment and survival. Furthermore, these results provide an overview of gene expression at two developmental stages of the parasite, namely metacyclic promastigotes and intracellular amastigotes and indicate a broad difference between their transcriptomic profiles. Finally, our reported set of expressed genes will be useful in future rounds of data mining and gene annotation.

Dataset Information

Dectin-1 Positive Dendritic Cells Expand after Infection with Leishmania major Parasites and Represent Promising Targets for Vaccine Development.

Publications

Dectin-1 Positive Dendritic Cells Expand after Infection with <i>Leishmania major</i> Parasites and Represent Promising Targets for Vaccine Development.

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