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Ways to increase precision and accuracy of wound area measurement using smart devices: Advanced app Planimator.

ABSTRACT: Wound surface area measurement is important as therapeutic decisions may depend on the change of wound surface area over time. Digital planimetry is a popular technique in wound area measurement. It is accurate and repeatable when calibration is performed with 2 rulers placed at opposite sides of a wound. The aim of the current study was improving accuracy and precision of wound area measurement using capabilities of smart devices.The correction of area measurement based on calculated camera tilt angle and the calculation of calibration coefficient of linear dimensions as weighted average were proposed. These and other improvements were applied in the Planimator app for Android, which was then used in the study. Accuracy and precision of the Planimator app were compared to the Visitrak device, the SilhouetteMobile device, the AreaMe software, and to the digital planimetry based on 2-ruler calibration with pictures taken by the smartphone, compact, and D-SLR cameras. Areas of 40 wound shapes of area ranged from 0.14 to 31.72 cm2 were measured with each device. Medians of relative errors (REs) were compared in the accuracy tests and standard deviations (SDs) of relative differences (RDs) were compared in the tests of precision.The median of REs for the Planimator app was not significantly different from the medians of REs for the digital planimetry based on pictures from the compact or D-SLR cameras, but it was significantly lower than the medians of REs for the Visitrak and SilhouetteMobile devices, the AreaMe software and the digital planimetry based on pictures from a smartphone camera. The SD of RDs for the Planimator app was not significantly different from the SDs of RDs for the digital planimetry based on pictures from the compact or D-SLR cameras, but it was significantly lower than the SDs of RDs for the Visitrak and SilhouetteMobile devices, the AreaMe software and the digital planimetry based on pictures from a smartphone camera. The Planimator app installed at a smartphone revealed to be 2-fold more accurate and 1.5-fold more precise than the measurements with using ImageJ software based on pictures taken with the same smartphone.The Planimator app occurred to have the same accuracy and precision as measurements with digital planimetry with 2-ruler calibration and based on pictures from a compact camera or a D-SLR camera. This app showed better accuracy and precision than the Visitrak and SilhouetteMobile devices, the AreaMe software and the digital planimetry based on pictures from a smartphone camera.

SUBMITTER: Foltynski P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5837081 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Ways to increase precision and accuracy of wound area measurement using smart devices: Advanced app Planimator.

Foltynski Piotr P

PloS one 20180305 3

<h4>Introduction</h4>Wound surface area measurement is important as therapeutic decisions may depend on the change of wound surface area over time. Digital planimetry is a popular technique in wound area measurement. It is accurate and repeatable when calibration is performed with 2 rulers placed at opposite sides of a wound. The aim of the current study was improving accuracy and precision of wound area measurement using capabilities of smart devices.<h4>Methods</h4>The correction of area measu ...[more]

PMID: 29505569

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Project description:BackgroundCurrent wound assessment practices are lacking on several measures. For example, the most common method for measuring wound size is using a ruler, which has been demonstrated to be crude and inaccurate. An increase in periwound temperature is a classic sign of infection but skin temperature is not always measured during wound assessments. To address this, we have developed a smartphone application that enables non-contact wound surface area and temperature measurements. Here we evaluate the inter-rater reliability and accuracy of this novel point-of-care wound assessment tool.Methods and findingsThe wounds of 87 patients were measured using the Swift Wound app and a ruler. The skin surface temperature of 37 patients was also measured using an infrared FLIR™ camera integrated with the Swift Wound app and using the clinically accepted reference thermometer Exergen DermaTemp 1001. Accuracy measurements were determined by assessing differences in surface area measurements of 15 plastic wounds between a digital planimeter of known accuracy and the Swift Wound app. To evaluate the impact of training on the reproducibility of the Swift Wound app measurements, three novice raters with no wound care training, measured the length, width and area of 12 plastic model wounds using the app. High inter-rater reliabilities (ICC = 0.97-1.00) and high accuracies were obtained using the Swift Wound app across raters of different levels of training in wound care. The ruler method also yielded reliable wound measurements (ICC = 0.92-0.97), albeit lower than that of the Swift Wound app. Furthermore, there was no statistical difference between the temperature differences measured using the infrared camera and the clinically tested reference thermometer.ConclusionsThe Swift Wound app provides highly reliable and accurate wound measurements. The FLIR™ infrared camera integrated into the Swift Wound app provides skin temperature readings equivalent to the clinically tested reference thermometer. Thus, the Swift Wound app has the advantage of being a non-contact, easy-to-use wound measurement tool that allows clinicians to image, measure, and track wound size and temperature from one visit to the next. In addition, this tool may also be used by patients and their caregivers for home monitoring.

Project description:ObjectivesConsumer-grade smart devices are now commonly used by the public to measure waking activity and sleep. However, the ability of these devices to accurately measure sleep in clinical populations warrants more examination. The aim of the present study was to assess the accuracy of three consumer-grade sleep monitors compared with gold standard polysomnography (PSG).DesignA prospective cohort study was performed.SettingAdults undergoing PSG for investigation of a suspected sleep disorder.Participants54 sleep-clinic patients were assessed using three consumer-grade sleep monitors (Jawbone UP3, ResMed S+ and Beddit) in addition to PSG.OutcomesJawbone UP3, ResMed S+ and Beddit were compared with gold standard in-laboratory PSG on four major sleep parameters-total sleep time (TST), sleep onset latency (SOL), wake after sleep onset (WASO) and sleep efficiency (SE).ResultsThe accelerometer Jawbone UP3 was found to overestimate TST by 28 min (limits of agreement, LOA=-100.23 to 157.37), with reasonable agreement compared with gold standard for TST, WASO and SE. The doppler radar ResMed S+ device underestimated TST by 34 min (LOA=-257.06 to 188.34) and had poor absolute agreement compared with PSG for TST, SOL and SE. The mattress device, Beddit underestimated TST by 53 min (LOA=-238.79 to 132) on average and poor reliability compared with PSG for all measures except TST. High device synchronisation failure occurred, with 20% of recordings incomplete due to Bluetooth drop out and recording loss.ConclusionPoor to moderate agreement was found between PSG and each of the tested devices, however, Jawbone UP3 had relatively better absolute agreement than other devices in sleep measurements compared with PSG. Consumer grade devices assessed do not have strong enough agreement with gold standard measurement to replace clinical evaluation and PSG sleep testing. The models tested here have been superseded and newer models may have increase accuracy and thus potentially powerful patient engagement tools for long-term sleep measurement.

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Ways to increase precision and accuracy of wound area measurement using smart devices: Advanced app Planimator.

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Ways to increase precision and accuracy of wound area measurement using smart devices: Advanced app Planimator.

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