Dataset Information

Detection of human immunodeficiency virus-1 ribonucleic acid in the peritoneal effluent of renal failure patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy.

ABSTRACT:

Background

We evaluated the shedding of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 particles into continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) effluents of HIV-positive patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).

Methods

A total of 58 HIV-positive patients with ESRD on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) who had Tenckhoff catheters inserted between September 2012 and February 2015 were prospectively reviewed and followed for 18 months. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) effluent samples from functioning CAPD catheters and plasma samples were obtained at three points during regular clinic visits on days 45?±?37, 200?±?19 and 377?±?13 after catheter insertion. All specimens were stored at?-20°C, and each batch was analysed by Roche quantitative HIV-1 polymerase chain reaction assay to detect HIV-1 particles. Clustered logistic regression was used to test for independent predictors of HIV-1 detection in CAPD effluents.

Results

HIV-1 RNA above 20 copies/mL assay limit was detectable in 19% (first batch), 26.3% (second batch) and 20% (third batch) of PD effluent specimens. HIV-1 RNA was detectable in PD fluid, without corresponding detection in the paired plasma in 3.4% (first batch), 5.3% (second batch) and 10% (third batch) of samples. Detection of HIV-1 in plasma sample (odds ratios 3.94; 95% confidence interval 1.14-13.55; P?=?0.030), body mass index, serum albumin and HAART regimen were found to be significantly associated with HIV-1 detection in PD effluents.

Conclusions

HIV particles are shed in detectable amounts into CAPD effluents even in patients with suppressed plasma viral load, raising concerns of a localized sanctuary site and potential infectivity of HIV-positive CAPD patients on a full complement of HAART.

SUBMITTER: Ndlovu KC

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5837736 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Apr

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Publications

Detection of human immunodeficiency virus-1 ribonucleic acid in the peritoneal effluent of renal failure patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy.

Ndlovu Kwazi C Z KC Sibanda Wilbert W Assounga Alain A

Nephrology, dialysis, transplantation : official publication of the European Dialysis and Transplant Association - European Renal Association 20170401 4

<h4>Background</h4>We evaluated the shedding of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 particles into continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) effluents of HIV-positive patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD).<h4>Methods</h4>A total of 58 HIV-positive patients with ESRD on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) who had Tenckhoff catheters inserted between September 2012 and February 2015 were prospectively reviewed and followed for 18 months. Peritoneal dialysis (PD) effluent sa ...[more]

PMID: 28339647

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Project description:UnlabelledA number of men receiving prolonged suppressive highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) still shed human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in semen. To investigate whether this seminal shedding may be due to poor drug penetration and/or viral production by long-lived cells within male genital tissues, we analyzed semen and reproductive tissues from macaques chronically infected with simian immunodeficiency virus mac251 (SIVmac251) who were treated for 4 months with HAART, which was intensified over the last 7 weeks with an integrase inhibitor. We showed that a subset of treated animals continued shedding SIV in semen despite efficient HAART. This shedding was not associated with low antiretroviral drug concentrations in semen or in testis, epididymis, seminal vesicles, and prostate. HAART had no significant impact on SIV RNA in the urethra, whereas it drastically reduced SIV RNA levels in the prostate and vas deferens and to a lesser extent in the epididymis and seminal vesicle. The only detectable SIV RNA-positive cells within the male genital tract after HAART were urethral macrophages. SIV DNA levels in genital tissues were not decreased by HAART, suggesting the presence throughout the male genital tract of nonproductively infected cells. In conclusion, our results demonstrate that 4 months of HAART induced variable and limited control of viral infection in the male reproductive organs, particularly in the urethra, and suggest that infected long-lived cells in the male genital tract may be involved in persistent seminal shedding during HAART. These results pave the way for further investigations of male genital organ infection in long-term-treated infected individuals.ImportanceA substantial subset of men receiving prolonged HAART suppressing viral loads in the blood still harbor HIV in semen, and cases of sexual transmission have been reported. To understand the origin of this persistence, we analyzed the semen and male reproductive tissues from SIV-infected macaques treated with HAART. We demonstrated that persistent seminal shedding was not linked to poor drug penetration in semen or semen-producing prostate, seminal vesicle, epididymis, and testis. We revealed that HAART decreased SIV RNA to various extents in all male genital organs, with the exception of the urethra, in which SIV RNA(+) macrophages were observed despite HAART. Importantly, HAART did not impact SIV DNA levels in the male genital organs. These results suggest that infection of male genital organs, and particularly the urethra, could be involved in the release of virus in semen during HAART.

Dataset Information

Detection of human immunodeficiency virus-1 ribonucleic acid in the peritoneal effluent of renal failure patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy.

Background

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Publications

Detection of human immunodeficiency virus-1 ribonucleic acid in the peritoneal effluent of renal failure patients on highly active antiretroviral therapy.

Similar Datasets

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