Dataset Information

Beliefs About Stress Attenuate the Relation Among Adverse Life Events, Perceived Distress, and Self-Control.

ABSTRACT: Prior research has shown that adverse events in the lives of adolescents precipitate psychological distress, which in turn impairs self-control. This study (N = 1,343) examined the protective effects of stress mindsets-beliefs about the extent to which stress might be beneficial or strictly detrimental. The results confirmed that increasing the number of adverse life events across the school year predicted rank order increases in perceived distress, which in turn predicted rank order decreases in self-control. Adolescents who believed in the potential benefits of stress were less prone to feeling stressed in the wake of adverse life events. These findings suggest that changing the way adolescents think about stress may help protect them from acting impulsively when confronted with adversity.

SUBMITTER: Park D

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5837904 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Nov

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Beliefs About Stress Attenuate the Relation Among Adverse Life Events, Perceived Distress, and Self-Control.

Park Daeun D Yu Alisa A Metz Sarah E SE Tsukayama Eli E Crum Alia J AJ Duckworth Angela L AL

Child development 20170905 6

Prior research has shown that adverse events in the lives of adolescents precipitate psychological distress, which in turn impairs self-control. This study (N = 1,343) examined the protective effects of stress mindsets-beliefs about the extent to which stress might be beneficial or strictly detrimental. The results confirmed that increasing the number of adverse life events across the school year predicted rank order increases in perceived distress, which in turn predicted rank order decreases i ...[more]

PMID: 28872676

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Project description:Background Self-efficacy, as the vital determinant of behavior, influencing clinicians’ situation awareness, work performance, and medical decision-making, might affect the incidence of anesthesia-related adverse events (ARAEs). This study was employed to evaluate the association between perceived self-efficacy level and ARAEs. Methods A cross-sectional study was performed in the form of an online self-completion questionnaire-based survey. Self-efficacy was evaluated via validated 4-point Likert scales. Internal reliability and validity of both scales were also estimated via Cronbach’s alpha and validity analysis. According to the total self-efficacy score, respondents were divided into two groups: normal level group and high level group. Propensity score matching and multivariable logistic regression were employed to identify the relationship between self-efficacy level and ARAEs. Results The response rate of this study was 34%. Of the 1011 qualified respondents, 38% were women. The mean (SD) age was 35.30 (8.19) years. The Cronbach’s alpha of self-efficacy was 0.92. The KMO (KMO and Bartlett's test) value of the scale was 0.92. ARAEs occurred in 178 (33.0%) of normal level self-efficacy group and 118 (25.0%) of high level self-efficacy group. Before adjustment, high level self-efficacy was associated with a decreased incidence of ARAEs (RR [relative risk], 0.76; 95% CI [confidence interval], 0.62–0.92). After adjustment, high level self-efficacy was also associated with a decreased incidence of ARAEs (aRR [adjusted relative risk], 0.63, 95% CI, 0.51–0.77). In multivariable logistic regression, when other covariates including years of experience, drinking, and the hospital ranking were controlled, self-efficacy level (OR [odds ratio], 0.62; 95% CI, 0.46–0.82; P = 0.001) was significantly correlated with ARAEs. Conclusions Our results found a clinically meaningful and statistically significant correlation between self-efficacy and ARAEs. These findings partly support medical educators and governors in enhancing self-efficacy construction in clinical practice and training. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12871-022-01732-3.

Project description:PURPOSE: Adverse drug events (ADEs) are common and often preventable among inpatients, but self-reported ADEs have not been investigated in a representative sample of the general public. The objectives of this study were to estimate the 1-month prevalence of self-reported ADEs among the adult general public, and the perceived preventability of 2 ADE categories: adverse drug reactions (ADRs) and sub-therapeutic effects (STEs). METHODS: In this cross-sectional study, a postal survey was sent in October 2010 to a random sample of 13 931 Swedish residents aged ? 18 years. Self-reported ADEs experienced during the past month included ADRs, STEs, drug dependence, drug intoxications and morbidity due to drug-related untreated indication. ADEs could be associated with prescription, non-prescription or herbal drugs. The respondents estimated whether ADRs and STEs could have been prevented. ADE prevalences in age groups (18-44, 45-64, or ?65 years) were compared. RESULTS: Of 7099 respondents (response rate 51.0%), ADEs were reported by 19.4% (95% confidence interval, 18.5-20.3%), and the prevalence did not differ by age group (p>0.05). The prevalences of self-reported ADRs, STEs, and morbidities due to drug-related untreated indications were 7.8% (7.2-8.4%), 7.6% (7.0-8.2%) and 8.1% (7.5-8.7%), respectively. The prevalence of self-reported drug dependence was 2.2% (1.9-2.6%), and drug intoxications 0.2% (0.1-0.3%). The respondents considered 19.2% (14.8-23.6%) of ADRs and STEs preventable. Although reported drugs varied between ADE categories, most ADEs were attributable to commonly dispensed drugs. Drugs reported for all and preventable events were similar. CONCLUSIONS: One-fifth of the adult general public across age groups reported ADEs during the past month, indicating a need for prevention strategies beyond hospitalised patients. For this, the underlying causes of ADEs should increasingly be investigated. The high burden of ADEs and preventable ADEs from widely used drugs across care settings supports redesigning a safer healthcare system to adequately tackle the problem.

Project description:The health-related quality of life (HRQoL) of patients completing multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) treatment in Namibia and whether the occurrence of adverse events influenced patients' rating of their HRQoL was evaluated.A cross-sectional analytic survey of patients completing or who recently completed MDR-TB treatment was conducted. The patients rated their HRQoL using the simplified Short Form-™ (SF-8) questionnaire consisting of eight Likert-type questions. Three supplemental questions on the adverse events that the patients may have experienced during their MDR-TB treatment were also included. Scoring of HRQoL ratings was norm-based (mean =50, standard deviation =10) ranging from 20 (worst health) to 80 (best health), rather than the conventional 0-100 scores. We evaluated the internal consistency of the scale items using the Cronbach's alpha, performed descriptive analyses, and analyzed the association between the patients' HRQoL scores and adverse events.Overall, 36 patients (20 males, 56%) aged 17-54 years (median =40 years) responded to the questionnaire. The median (range) HRQoL score for the physical component summary was 58.6 (35.3-60.5), while the median score for the mental component summary was 59.3 (26.6-61.9), indicating not-so-high self-rating of health. There was good internal consistency of the scale scores, with a Cronbach's alpha value of >0.80. In all, 32 (89%) of the 36 patients experienced at least one adverse drug event of any severity during their treatment (median events =3, range 1-6), of which none was life-threatening. The occurrence of adverse events was not related to HRQoL scores. For patients reporting zero to two events, the median (range) HRQoL score was 56.8 (44.4-56.8), while for those reporting three or more events, the median score was 55.2 (38.6-56.8); P=0.34 for difference between these scores.Patients completing treatment for MDR-TB in Namibia tended to score moderately low on their HRQoL, using the generic SF-8 questionnaire. The occurrence of adverse events did not lead to lower HRQoL scores upon treatment completion.

Dataset Information

Beliefs About Stress Attenuate the Relation Among Adverse Life Events, Perceived Distress, and Self-Control.

Publications

Beliefs About Stress Attenuate the Relation Among Adverse Life Events, Perceived Distress, and Self-Control.

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