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Expression of RecA and cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) fusion protein in bacteria and in mammalian cells.

ABSTRACT: Genome editing is a powerful tool to modify a specific gene and to correct a disease-causing mutation. Recently developed new techniques, such as zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9 (CRISPR/Cas9), significantly facilitate the progression in this field. However, mutations associated with the double strand DNA breaks (DSBs) introduced by these systems hampered their direct usage in clinic. In order to prevent the mutations caused by DSBs, we have designed a novel mean to induce homology-directed recombination (HDR) without DSBs, i.e., the fusion protein of RecA with cell-penetrating peptide (CPP). The involvement of RecA in these fusion proteins will play important roles in formation of the nucleoprotein filament with single strand DNA (ssDNA) in vitro and promoting HDR in vivo; whereas the involvement of CPP in these fusion proteins will mainly play a role in facilitating cellular intake/uptake of the nucleoprotein filaments. Our results indicated that certain amount of the fusion proteins expressed in bacteria is in soluble fraction, whereas majority of the fusion proteins expressed in baby hamster kidney (BHK) cells is in soluble fraction. Interestingly, expression of these fusion proteins in bacteria completely blocked cell growth, whereas expression of them in BHK cells significantly inhibited cell growth, implying that these fusion proteins may bind to ssDNA regions, such as ssDNA regions in DNA replication forks, and inhibit cell growth. These results suggest that we have functional RecA.CPP fusion proteins ready to test our novel idea of inducing HDR without DSB.

SUBMITTER: Chang X

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5840312 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Expression of RecA and cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) fusion protein in bacteria and in mammalian cells.

Chang Xiubao X Hou Yuexian Y

International journal of biochemistry and molecular biology 20180208 1

Genome editing is a powerful tool to modify a specific gene and to correct a disease-causing mutation. Recently developed new techniques, such as zinc-finger nucleases (ZFNs), transcription activator-like effector nucleases (TALEN) and clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas9 (CRISPR/Cas9), significantly facilitate the progression in this field. However, mutations associated with the double strand DNA breaks (DSBs) introduced by these systems hampered their direct usage in ...[more]

PMID: 29531845

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Project description:We have explored the merits of a novel delivery strategy for the antisense oligomers based on cell penetrating peptide (CPP) conjugated to a carrier PNA with sequence complementary to part of the antisense oligomer. The effect of these carrier CPP-PNAs was evaluated by using antisense PNA targeting splicing correction of the mutated luciferase gene in the HeLa pLuc705 cell line, reporting cellular (nuclear) uptake of the antisense PNA via luciferase activity measurement. Carrier CPP-PNA constructs were studied in terms of construct modification (with octaarginine and/or decanoic acid) and carrier PNA length (to adjust binding affinity). In general, the carrier CPP-PNA constructs including the ones with decanoyl modification provided significant increase of the activity of unmodified antisense PNA as well as of antisense octaarginine-PNA conjugates. Antisense activity, and by inference cellular delivery, of unmodified antisense PNA was enhanced at least 20-fold at 6 ?M upon the complexation with an equimolar amount of nonamer carrier decanoyl-CPP-PNA (Deca-cPNA1(9)-(D-Arg)8). The antisense activity of a CPP-PNA ((D-Arg)8-asPNA) (at 2 ?M) was improved 6-fold and 8-fold by a heptamer carrier CPP-PNA (cPNA1(7)-(D-Arg)8) and hexamer carrier decanoyl-CPP-PNA (Deca-cPNA1(6)-(D-Arg)8), respectively, without showing significant additional cellular toxicity. Most interestingly, the activity reached the same level obtained by enhancement with endosomolytic chloroquine (CQ) treatment, suggesting that the carrier might facilitate endosomal escape. Furthermore, 50% downregulation of luciferase expression at 60 nM siRNA was obtained using this carrier CPP-PNA delivery strategy (with CQ co-treatment) for a single stranded antisense RNA targeting normal luciferase mRNA. These results indicated that CPP-PNA carriers may be used as effective cellular delivery vectors for different types of antisense oligomers and also allows use of combinations of (at least two) different CPP ligands.

Project description:The health threat caused by multiresistant bacteria has continuously increased and recently peaked with pathogens resistant to all current drugs. This has triggered intense research efforts to develop novel compounds to overcome the resistance mechanisms. Thus, antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) have been intensively studied, especially the family of proline-rich AMPs (PrAMPs) that was successfully tested very recently in murine infection models. PrAMPs enter bacteria and inhibit chaperone DnaK. Here, we studied the toxicity of intracellular PrAMPs in HeLa and SH-SY5Y cells. As PrAMPs cannot enter most mammalian cells, we coupled the PrAMPs with penetratin (residues 43 to 58 in the antennapedia homeodomain) via a C-terminally added cysteine utilizing a thioether bridge. The resulting construct could transport the covalently linked PrAMP into mammalian cells. Penetratin ligation reduced the MIC for Gram-negative Escherichia coli only slightly (1 to 8 ?mol/liter) but increased the activity against the Gram-positive Micrococcus luteus up to 32-fold (MIC ? 1 ?mol/liter), most likely due to more effective penetration through the bacterial membrane. In contrast to native PrAMPs, the penetratin-PrAMP constructs entered the mammalian cells, aligned around the nucleus, and associated with the Golgi apparatus. At higher concentrations, the constructs reduced the cell viability (50% inhibitory concentration [IC(50)] ? 40 ?mol/liter) and changed the morphology of the cells. No toxic effects or morphological changes were observed at concentrations of 10 ?mol/liter or below. Thus, the IC(50) values were around 5 to 40 times higher than the MIC values. In conclusion, PrAMPs are in general not toxic to mammalian cells, as they do not pass through the membrane. When shuttled into mammalian cells, however, PrAMPs are only slightly cross-reactive to mammalian chaperones or other intracellular mammalian proteins, providing a second layer of safety for in vivo applications, even if they can enter some human cells.

Dataset Information

Expression of RecA and cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) fusion protein in bacteria and in mammalian cells.

Publications

Expression of RecA and cell-penetrating peptide (CPP) fusion protein in bacteria and in mammalian cells.

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