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Uptake of intermittent preventive treatment and pregnancy outcomes: health facilities and community surveys in Chokwe district, southern Mozambique.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Malaria in pregnancy leads to serious adverse effects on the mother and the child and accounts for 75,000-200,000 infant deaths every year. Currently, the World Health Organization recommends intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (IPTp) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) at each scheduled antenatal care (ANC) visit. This study aimed to assess IPTp-SP coverage in mothers delivering in health facilities and at the community. In addition, factors associated with low IPTp-SP uptake and malaria adverse outcomes in pregnancy were investigated. METHODS:A community and a health facility-based surveys were conducted in mothers delivering in Chókwè district, southern Mozambique. Social-demographic data, malaria prevention practices and obstetric history were recorded through self-report and antenatal records. For women delivering at health facilities, a clinical examination of mother and child was performed, and malaria infection at delivery was determined by rapid diagnostic test, microscopy, quantitative PCR and placental histology. RESULTS:Of 1141 participants, 46.6, 30.2, 13.5 and 9.6% reported taking???3, two, one and none SP doses, respectively. Low IPTp uptake (

SUBMITTER: Arnaldo P

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5848514 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Uptake of intermittent preventive treatment and pregnancy outcomes: health facilities and community surveys in Chókwè district, southern Mozambique.

Arnaldo Paulo P Rovira-Vallbona Eduard E Langa Jerónimo S JS Salvador Crizolgo C Guetens Pieter P Chiheb Driss D Xavier Bernardete B Kestens Luc L Enosse Sónia M SM Rosanas-Urgell Anna A

Malaria journal 20180312 1

<h4>Background</h4>Malaria in pregnancy leads to serious adverse effects on the mother and the child and accounts for 75,000-200,000 infant deaths every year. Currently, the World Health Organization recommends intermittent preventive treatment of malaria in pregnancy (IPTp) with sulfadoxine-pyrimethamine (SP) at each scheduled antenatal care (ANC) visit. This study aimed to assess IPTp-SP coverage in mothers delivering in health facilities and at the community. In addition, factors associated w ...[more]

PMID: 29530044

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Project description:Malaria in pregnancy is a public health problem for endemic countries. Economic evaluations of malaria preventive strategies in pregnancy are needed to guide health policies.This analysis was carried out in the context of a trial of malaria intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy with sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine (IPTp-SP), where both intervention groups received an insecticide treated net through the antenatal clinic (ANC) in Mozambique. The cost-effectiveness of IPTp-SP on maternal clinical malaria and neonatal survival was estimated. Correlation and threshold analyses were undertaken to assess the main factors affecting the economic outcomes and the cut-off values beyond which the intervention is no longer cost-effective. In 2007 US$, the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) for maternal malaria was 41.46 US$ (95% CI 20.5, 96.7) per disability-adjusted life-year (DALY) averted. The ICER per DALY averted due to the reduction in neonatal mortality was 1.08 US$ (95% CI 0.43, 3.48). The ICER including both the effect on the mother and on the newborn was 1.02 US$ (95% CI 0.42, 3.21) per DALY averted. Efficacy was the main factor affecting the economic evaluation of IPTp-SP. The intervention remained cost-effective with an increase in drug cost per dose up to 11 times in the case of maternal malaria and 183 times in the case of neonatal mortality.IPTp-SP was highly cost-effective for both prevention of maternal malaria and reduction of neonatal mortality in Mozambique. These findings are likely to hold for other settings where IPTp-SP is implemented through ANC visits. The intervention remained cost-effective even with a significant increase in drug and other intervention costs. Improvements in the protective efficacy of the intervention would increase its cost-effectiveness. Provision of IPTp with a more effective, although more expensive drug than SP may still remain a cost-effective public health measure to prevent malaria in pregnancy.ClinicalTrials.gov NCT00209781.

Project description:ObjectivesA Demographic and Health Platform was established in Magude in 2015, prior to the deployment of a project aiming to evaluate the feasibility of malaria elimination in southern Mozambique, named the Magude project. This platform aimed to inform the design, implementation and evaluation of the Magude project, through the identification of households and population; and the collection of demographic, health and malaria information.SettingMagude is a rural district of southern Mozambique which borders South Africa. It has nine peripheral health facilities and one referral health centre with an inpatient ward.InterventionA baseline census enumerated and geolocated all the households, and their resident and non-resident members, collecting demographic and socio-economic information, and data on the coverage and usage of malaria control tools. Inpatient and outpatient data during the 5 years (2010 to 2014) before the survey were obtained from the district health authorities. The demographic platform was updated in 2016.ResultsThe baseline census conducted in 2015 reported 48 448 (92.1%) residents and 4133 (7.9%) non-residents, and 10 965 households. Magude's population is predominantly young, half of the population has no formal education and the main economic activities are agriculture and fishing. Houses are mainly built with traditional non-durable materials and have poor sanitation facilities. Between 2010 and 2014, malaria was the most common cause of all-age inpatient discharges (representing 20% to 40% of all discharges), followed by HIV (12% to 22%) and anaemia (12% to 15%). In early 2015, all-age bed-net usage was between 21.8% and 27.1% and the reported coverage of indoor residual spraying varied across the district between 30.7% and 79%.ConclusionThis study revealed that Magude has limited socio-economic conditions, poor access to healthcare services and low coverage of malaria vector control interventions. Thus, Magude represented an area where it is most pressing to demonstrate the feasibility of malaria elimination.Trial registration numberNCT02914145; Pre-results.

Project description:Dihydroartemisinin-piperaquine (DP) is a long-acting artemisinin combination treatment that provides effective chemoprevention and has been proposed as an alternative antimalarial drug for intermittent preventive therapy in pregnancy (IPTp). Several pharmacokinetic studies have shown that dose adjustment may not be needed for the treatment of malaria in pregnancy with DP. However, there are limited data on the optimal dosing for IPTp. This study aimed to evaluate the population pharmacokinetics of piperaquine given as IPTp in pregnant women. Pregnant women were enrolled in clinical trials conducted in Kenya and Indonesia and treated with standard 3-day courses of DP, administered in 4- to 8-week intervals from the second trimester until delivery. Pharmacokinetic blood samples were collected for piperaquine drug measurements before each treatment round, at the time of breakthrough symptomatic malaria, and at delivery. Piperaquine population pharmacokinetic properties were investigated using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling with a prior approach. In total, data from 366 Kenyan and 101 Indonesian women were analyzed. The pharmacokinetic properties of piperaquine were adequately described using a flexible transit absorption (n = 5) followed by a three-compartment disposition model. Gestational age did not affect the pharmacokinetic parameters of piperaquine. After three rounds of monthly IPTp, 9.45% (95% confidence interval [CI], 1.8 to 26.5%) of pregnant women had trough piperaquine concentrations below the suggested target concentration (10.3 ng/ml). Translational simulations suggest that providing the full treatment course of DP at monthly intervals provides sufficient protection to prevent malaria infection. Monthly administration of DP has the potential to offer optimal prevention of malaria during pregnancy. (This study has been registered at ClinicalTrials.gov under identifier NCT01669941 and in the ISRCTN under number ISRCTN34010937.).

Dataset Information

Uptake of intermittent preventive treatment and pregnancy outcomes: health facilities and community surveys in Chokwe district, southern Mozambique.

Publications

Uptake of intermittent preventive treatment and pregnancy outcomes: health facilities and community surveys in Chókwè district, southern Mozambique.

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