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Short-term effects of air temperature and mitochondrial DNA lesions within an older population.

ABSTRACT: Previous studies have linked both extreme and sub-optimal air temperature to cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality, especially in older individuals. However, the underlying mechanisms are yet to be determined.We hypothesized that short-term increases in air temperature may induce blood mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lesions in older individuals, which could contribute to temperature-related pathogenesis.We repeatedly measured mtDNA lesions in blood samples from 654 participants in the Normative Aging Study from 1999 to 2013 (1142 observations) by quantitative long-amplicon polymerase chain reaction assay. Hourly temperature data were obtained from the Boston Logan Airport weather station (located approximately 12km from the clinical site). We calculated 2-, 7-, and 14-day moving averages of 24-hour mean and 24-hour variability of temperature. We fit covariate-adjusted linear-mixed models accounting for repeated measures to evaluate the association between short-term increases in mean and variability of temperature with mtDNA lesions within each season.Interquartile increases in 7- and 14-day moving averages of 24-hour mean temperature in summer were associated with a 0.17 (95% CI: 0.07, 0.27; p=0.0007) and 0.21 (95% CI: 0.10, 0.32; p=0.0001) increase in the number of mtDNA lesions per 10kb, respectively. Results were similar when we further adjusted for temperature variability. We also observed significant associations between increases in temperature variability and mtDNA lesions independent of mean air temperature. An interquartile range increase in the 7-day moving average of 24-hour standard deviation in summer was associated with a 0.19 (95% CI: 0.07, 0.31; p=0.0023) increase in the number of mtDNA lesions per 10kb.Short-term exposure to higher mean air temperature was associated with increased mtDNA lesions in older adults, supporting the hypothesis that sub-optimal meteorological conditions may induce pathophysiological responses among susceptible populations.

SUBMITTER: Peng C

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5849241 | biostudies-literature | 2017 Jun

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Short-term effects of air temperature and mitochondrial DNA lesions within an older population.

Peng Cheng C Sanchez-Guerra Marco M Wilson Ander A Mehta Amar J AJ Zhong Jia J Zanobetti Antonella A Brennan Kasey K Dereix Alexandra E AE Coull Brent A BA Vokonas Pantel P Schwartz Joel J Baccarelli Andrea A AA

Environment international 20170327

<h4>Background</h4>Previous studies have linked both extreme and sub-optimal air temperature to cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality, especially in older individuals. However, the underlying mechanisms are yet to be determined.<h4>Objectives</h4>We hypothesized that short-term increases in air temperature may induce blood mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) lesions in older individuals, which could contribute to temperature-related pathogenesis.<h4>Methods</h4>We repeatedly measured mtDNA lesions in bl ...[more]

PMID: 28351767

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Project description:The US Environmental Protection Agency is required to reexamine its National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) every 5 years, but evidence of mortality risk is lacking at air pollution levels below the current daily NAAQS in unmonitored areas and for sensitive subgroups.To estimate the association between short-term exposures to ambient fine particulate matter (PM2.5) and ozone, and at levels below the current daily NAAQS, and mortality in the continental United States.Case-crossover design and conditional logistic regression to estimate the association between short-term exposures to PM2.5 and ozone (mean of daily exposure on the same day of death and 1 day prior) and mortality in 2-pollutant models. The study included the entire Medicare population from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2012, residing in 39?182 zip codes.Daily PM2.5 and ozone levels in a 1-km × 1-km grid were estimated using published and validated air pollution prediction models based on land use, chemical transport modeling, and satellite remote sensing data. From these gridded exposures, daily exposures were calculated for every zip code in the United States. Warm-season ozone was defined as ozone levels for the months April to September of each year.All-cause mortality in the entire Medicare population from 2000 to 2012.During the study period, there were 22?433?862 million case days and 76?143?209 control days. Of all case and control days, 93.6% had PM2.5 levels below 25 ?g/m3, during which 95.2% of deaths occurred (21?353?817 of 22?433?862), and 91.1% of days had ozone levels below 60 parts per billion, during which 93.4% of deaths occurred (20?955?387 of 22?433?862). The baseline daily mortality rates were 137.33 and 129.44 (per 1 million persons at risk per day) for the entire year and for the warm season, respectively. Each short-term increase of 10 ?g/m3 in PM2.5 (adjusted by ozone) and 10 parts per billion (10-9) in warm-season ozone (adjusted by PM2.5) were statistically significantly associated with a relative increase of 1.05% (95% CI, 0.95%-1.15%) and 0.51% (95% CI, 0.41%-0.61%) in daily mortality rate, respectively. Absolute risk differences in daily mortality rate were 1.42 (95% CI, 1.29-1.56) and 0.66 (95% CI, 0.53-0.78) per 1 million persons at risk per day. There was no evidence of a threshold in the exposure-response relationship.In the US Medicare population from 2000 to 2012, short-term exposures to PM2.5 and warm-season ozone were significantly associated with increased risk of mortality. This risk occurred at levels below current national air quality standards, suggesting that these standards may need to be reevaluated.

Project description:BackgroundLittle is known about the associations between ambient environmental exposures and the risk of acute episodes of psychiatric disorders. We aimed to estimate the link between short-term exposure to atmospheric pollutants, temperature, and acute psychiatric hospital admissions in adults aged 65 years and older in the USA.MethodsFor this study, we included all people (aged ≥65 years) enrolled in the Medicare programme in the USA who had an emergency or urgent hospital admission for a psychiatric disorder recorded between Jan 31, 2000, and Dec 31, 2016. We applied a case-crossover design to study the associations between short-term exposure to air pollution (fine particulate matter [PM2·5], ozone, and nitrogen dioxide [NO2]), ambient temperature, and the risk of acute hospital admissions for depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder in this population. The percentage change in the risk of hospital admission and annual absolute risk differences were estimated.FindingsFor each 5°C increase in short-term exposure to cold season temperature, the relative risk of acute hospital admission increased by 3·66% (95% CI 3·06-4·26) for depression, by 3·03% (2·04-4·02) for schizophrenia, and by 3·52% (2·38-4·68) for bipolar disorder in the US Medicare population. Increased short-term exposure to PM2·5 and NO2 was also associated with a significant increase in the risk of acute hospital admissions for psychiatric disorders. Each 5 μg/m3 increase in PM2·5 was associated with an increase in hospital admission rates of 0·62% (95% CI 0·23-1·02) for depression, 0·77% (0·11-1·44) for schizophrenia, and 1·19% (0·49-1·90) for bipolar disorder; each 5 parts per billion (ppb) increase in NO2, meanwhile, was linked to an increase in hospital admission rates of 0·35% (95% CI 0·03-0·66) for depression and 0·64% (0·20-1·08) for schizophrenia. No such associations were found with warm season temperature.InterpretationIn the US Medicare population, short-term exposure to elevated concentrations of PM2·5 and NO2 and cold season ambient temperature were significantly associated with an increased risk of hospital admissions for psychiatric disorders. Considering the increasing burden of psychiatric disorders in the US population, these findings suggest that intervening on air pollution and ambient temperature levels through stricter environmental regulations or climate mitigation could help ease the psychiatric health-care burden.FundingUS National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, US Environmental Protection Agency, and US National Institute on Aging.

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Short-term effects of air temperature and mitochondrial DNA lesions within an older population.

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Short-term effects of air temperature and mitochondrial DNA lesions within an older population.

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