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Interaction Between the Sodium-Glucose-Linked Transporter 2 Inhibitor Dapagliflozin and the Loop Diuretic Bumetanide in Normal Human Subjects.

ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND:Dapagliflozin inhibits the sodium-glucose-linked transporter 2 in the renal proximal tubule, thereby promoting glycosuria to reduce hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Because these patients may require loop diuretics, and sodium-glucose-linked transporter 2 inhibition causes an osmotic diuresis, we evaluated the diuretic interaction between dapagliflozin and bumetanide. METHODS AND RESULTS:Healthy subjects (n=42) receiving a fixed diet with ?110 mmol·d-1 of Na+ were randomized to bumetanide (1 mg·d-1), dapagliflozin (10 mg·d-1), or both for 7 days, followed by 7 days of both. There were no meaningful pharmacokinetic interactions. Na+ excretion increased modestly with the first dose of dapagliflozin (22±6 mmol·d-1; P<0.005) but by more (P<0.005) with the first dose of bumetanide (74±7 mmol·d-1; P<0.005), which was not significantly different from both diuretics together (80±5 mmol·d-1; P<0.005). However, Na+ excretion with dapagliflozin was 190% greater (P<0.005) when added after 1 week of bumetanide (64±6 mmol·d-1), and Na+ excretion with bumetanide was 36% greater (P<0.005) when added after 1 week of dapagliflozin (101±8 mmol·d-1). Serum urate was increased 4% by bumetanide but reduced 40% by dapagliflozin or 20% by combined therapy (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:First-dose Na+ excretion with bumetanide and dapagliflozin is not additive, but the weekly administration of one diuretic enhances the initial Na+ excretion with the other, thereby demonstrating mutual adaptive natriuretic synergy. Combined therapy reverses bumetanide-induced hyperuricemia. This requires further study in diabetic patients with hyperglycemia who have enhanced glycosuria and natriuresis with dapagliflozin. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION:URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT00930865.

SUBMITTER: Wilcox CS

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5850181 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Feb

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Interaction Between the Sodium-Glucose-Linked Transporter 2 Inhibitor Dapagliflozin and the Loop Diuretic Bumetanide in Normal Human Subjects.

Wilcox Christopher S CS Shen Wen W Boulton David W DW Leslie Bruce R BR Griffen Steven C SC

Journal of the American Heart Association 20180210 4

<h4>Background</h4>Dapagliflozin inhibits the sodium-glucose-linked transporter 2 in the renal proximal tubule, thereby promoting glycosuria to reduce hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Because these patients may require loop diuretics, and sodium-glucose-linked transporter 2 inhibition causes an osmotic diuresis, we evaluated the diuretic interaction between dapagliflozin and bumetanide.<h4>Methods and results</h4>Healthy subjects (n=42) receiving a fixed diet with ≈110 mmol·d<sup>-1</s ...[more]

PMID: 29440005

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Project description:Summary Background Sodium glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors are anti-diabetic drugs for type 2 diabetes that lower blood glucose levels and body weight. It is of special interest that SGLT2 inhibitors also improve liver metabolism and fatty liver. Liver is an important organ in regulation of energy metabolism, but the metabolic action of SGLT inhibitors in liver remains unclear. Methods We investigated the factors associated with the beneficial effects of dapagliflozin, a SGLT2 inhibitor, in the liver after confirming its glucose-lowering and weight loss effects using an obesity and diabetes mouse model. We also performed clinical study of patients with type 2 diabetes to explore candidate biomarkers that reflect the beneficial action of dapagliflozin in the liver. Findings In animal study, dapagliflozin induced autophagy in the liver (LC3-II to LC3-I expression ratio: P < 0·05 vs. control), and valine and leucine levels were increased in plasma (P < 0·01 vs. control) as well as in liver (P < 0·05 vs. control). Thus, increased plasma valine and leucine levels are potential biomarkers for improved liver metabolism. Clinical study found that valine and leucine levels were markedly higher in patients treated with dapagliflozin (valine: P < 0·05 vs. control, leucine: P < 0·01 vs. control) than those not treated after one week intervention. Interpretation Dapagliflozin improves liver metabolism via hepatic autophagy, and plasma valine and leucine levels may reflect its metabolic effect. Funding AstraZeneca K.K., 10.13039/501100013170Ono Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., 10.13039/501100001700Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (10.13039/501100001700MEXT), 10.13039/501100001691Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (10.13039/501100001691JSPS), 10.13039/100009619Japan Agency for Medical Research and Development (10.13039/100009619AMED), 10.13039/100015758Novo Nordisk Pharma Ltd., and 10.13039/100008695Japan Foundation for Applied Enzymology, and MSD Life Science Foundation International.

Project description:BackgroundRenal renin-angiotensin system (RAS) activation is one of the important pathogenic mechanisms in the development of diabetic nephropathy in type 2 diabetes. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a sodium-glucose co-transporter 2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor, dapagliflozin, on renal RAS in an animal model with type 2 diabetes.MethodsDapagliflozin (1.0 mg/kg, OL-DA) or voglibose (0.6 mg/kg, OL-VO, diabetic control) (n = 10 each) was administered to Otsuka Long-Evans Tokushima Fatty (OLETF) rats for 12 weeks. We used voglibose, an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, as a comparable counterpart to SGLT2 inhibitor because of its postprandial glucose-lowering effect without proven renoprotective effects. Control Long-Evans Tokushima Otsuka (LT) and OLETF (OL-C) rats received saline (n = 10, each). Changes in blood glucose, urine albumin, creatinine clearance, and oxidative stress were measured. Inflammatory cell infiltration, mesangial widening, and interstitial fibrosis in the kidney were evaluated by histological analysis. The effects of dapagliflozin on renal expression of the RAS components were evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR in renal tissue.ResultsAfter treatment, hyperglycemia and urine microalbumin levels were attenuated in both OL-DA and OL-VO rather than in the OL-C group (P < 0.05). The urine angiotensin II (Ang II) and angiotensinogen levels were significantly decreased following treatment with dapagliflozin or voglibose, but suppression of urine Ang II level was more prominent in the OL-DA than the OL-VO group (P < 0.05). The expressions of angiotensin type 1 receptor and tissue oxidative stress markers were markedly increased in OL-C rats, which were reversed by dapagliflozin or voglibose (P < 0.05, both). Inflammatory cell infiltration, mesangial widening, interstitial fibrosis, and total collagen content were significantly increased in OL-C rats, which were attenuated in OL-DA group (P < 0.05).ConclusionDapagliflozin treatment showed beneficial effects on diabetic nephropathy, which might be via suppression of renal RAS component expression, oxidative stress and interstitial fibrosis in OLETF rats. We suggest that, in addition to control of hyperglycemia, partial suppression of renal RAS with an SGLT2 inhibitor would be a promising strategy for the prevention of treatment of diabetic nephropathy.

Dataset Information

Interaction Between the Sodium-Glucose-Linked Transporter 2 Inhibitor Dapagliflozin and the Loop Diuretic Bumetanide in Normal Human Subjects.

Publications

Interaction Between the Sodium-Glucose-Linked Transporter 2 Inhibitor Dapagliflozin and the Loop Diuretic Bumetanide in Normal Human Subjects.

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