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Electrochemically active bacteria sense electrode potentials for regulating catabolic pathways.

ABSTRACT: Electrochemically active bacteria (EAB) receive considerable attention for their utility in bioelectrochemical processes. Although electrode potentials are known to affect the metabolic activity of EAB, it is unclear whether EAB are able to sense and respond to electrode potentials. Here, we show that, in the presence of a high-potential electrode, a model EAB Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 can utilize NADH-dependent catabolic pathways and a background formate-dependent pathway to achieve high growth yield. We also show that an Arc regulatory system is involved in sensing electrode potentials and regulating the expression of catabolic genes, including those for NADH dehydrogenase. We suggest that these findings may facilitate the use of EAB in biotechnological processes and offer the molecular bases for their ecological strategies in natural habitats.

SUBMITTER: Hirose A

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5852097 | biostudies-literature | 2018 Mar

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Electrochemically active bacteria sense electrode potentials for regulating catabolic pathways.

Hirose Atsumi A Kasai Takuya T Aoki Motohide M Umemura Tomonari T Watanabe Kazuya K Kouzuma Atsushi A

Nature communications 20180314 1

Electrochemically active bacteria (EAB) receive considerable attention for their utility in bioelectrochemical processes. Although electrode potentials are known to affect the metabolic activity of EAB, it is unclear whether EAB are able to sense and respond to electrode potentials. Here, we show that, in the presence of a high-potential electrode, a model EAB Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 can utilize NADH-dependent catabolic pathways and a background formate-dependent pathway to achieve high growt ...[more]

PMID: 29540717

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Electrochemically active bacteria sense electrode potentials for regulating catabolic pathways

Project description:Electrochemically active bacteria (EAB) receive considerable attention for their utility in bioelectrochemical processes. Although electrode potentials are known to affect the metabolic activity of EAB, it is unclear whether EAB are able to sense and respond to electrode potentials. Here, we show that, in the presence of a high-potential electrode, a model EAB Shewanella oneidensis MR-1 can utilize NADH-dependent catabolic pathways and a background formate-dependent pathway to achieve high growth yield. We also show that an Arc regulatory system is involved in sensing electrode potentials and regulating the expression of catabolic genes, including those for NADH dehydrogenase. We suggest that these findings may facilitate the use of EAB in biotechnological processes and offer the molecular bases for their ecological strategies in natural habitats.

2018-02-22 | GSE102264 | GEO

SMFC electrochemically active bacteria

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Office paper platform for bioelectrochromic detection of electrochemically active bacteria using tungsten trioxide nanoprobes.

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Comparative genomics and functional analysis of rhamnose catabolic pathways and regulons in bacteria.

Project description:L-rhamnose (L-Rha) is a deoxy-hexose sugar commonly found in nature. L-Rha catabolic pathways were previously characterized in various bacteria including Escherichia coli. Nevertheless, homology searches failed to recognize all the genes for the complete L-Rha utilization pathways in diverse microbial species involved in biomass decomposition. Moreover, the regulatory mechanisms of L-Rha catabolism have remained unclear in most species. A comparative genomics approach was used to reconstruct the L-Rha catabolic pathways and transcriptional regulons in the phyla Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria, and Thermotogae. The reconstructed pathways include multiple novel enzymes and transporters involved in the utilization of L-Rha and L-Rha-containing polymers. Large-scale regulon inference using bioinformatics revealed remarkable variations in transcriptional regulators for L-Rha utilization genes among bacteria. A novel bifunctional enzyme, L-rhamnulose-phosphate aldolase (RhaE) fused to L-lactaldehyde dehydrogenase (RhaW), which is not homologous to previously characterized L-Rha catabolic enzymes, was identified in diverse bacteria including Chloroflexi, Bacilli, and Alphaproteobacteria. By using in vitro biochemical assays we validated both enzymatic activities of the purified recombinant RhaEW proteins from Chloroflexus aurantiacus and Bacillus subtilis. Another novel enzyme of the L-Rha catabolism, L-lactaldehyde reductase (RhaZ), was identified in Gammaproteobacteria and experimentally validated by in vitro enzymatic assays using the recombinant protein from Salmonella typhimurium. C. aurantiacus induced transcription of the predicted L-Rha utilization genes when L-Rha was present in the growth medium and consumed L-Rha from the medium. This study provided comprehensive insights to L-Rha catabolism and its regulation in diverse Bacteria.

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Immobilisation of electrochemically active bacteria on screen-printed electrodes for rapid in situ toxicity biosensing.

Project description:Microbial biosensors can be an excellent alternative to classical methods for toxicity monitoring, which are time-consuming and not sensitive enough. However, bacteria typically connect to electrodes through biofilm formation, leading to problems due to lack of uniformity or long device production times. A suitable immobilisation technique can overcome these challenges. Still, they may respond more slowly than biofilm-based electrodes because bacteria gradually adapt to electron transfer during biofilm formation. In this study, we propose a controlled and reproducible way to fabricate bacteria-modified electrodes. The method consists of an immobilisation step using a cellulose matrix, followed by an electrode polarization in the presence of ferricyanide and glucose. Our process is short, reproducible and led us to obtain ready-to-use electrodes featuring a high-current response. An excellent shelf-life of the immobilised electrochemically active bacteria was demonstrated for up to one year. After an initial 50% activity loss in the first month, no further declines have been observed over the following 11 months. We implemented our bacteria-modified electrodes to fabricate a lateral flow platform for toxicity monitoring using formaldehyde (3%). Its addition led to a 59% current decrease approximately 20 min after the toxic input. The methods presented here offer the ability to develop a high sensitivity, easy to produce, and long shelf life bacteria-based toxicity detectors.

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A photometric high-throughput method for identification of electrochemically active bacteria using a WO3 nanocluster probe.

Project description:Electrochemically active bacteria (EAB) are ubiquitous in environment and have important application in the fields of biogeochemistry, environment, microbiology and bioenergy. However, rapid and sensitive methods for EAB identification and evaluation of their extracellular electron transfer ability are still lacking. Herein we report a novel photometric method for visual detection of EAB by using an electrochromic material, WO(3) nanoclusters, as the probe. This method allowed a rapid identification of EAB within 5?min and a quantitative evaluation of their extracellular electron transfer abilities. In addition, it was also successfully applied for isolation of EAB from environmental samples. Attributed to its rapidness, high reliability, easy operation and low cost, this method has high potential for practical implementation of EAB detection and investigations.

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Phosphate Ion-Selective Electrode Based on Electrochemically Modified Iron.

Project description:The significance of the detection of phosphate ions is immense in the realms of chemistry, biology, medicine, environment, and industry. The detection of phosphate ions is currently mainly reliant on blue molybdenum colorimetry, which is accurate but requires sample pretreatment, intricate operation, and a high price tag. Consequently, it is essential to create a sensor with superior efficiency, precision, straightforward functioning, and instantaneous online detection. This study has designed and created an electrochemical modification based on an iron metal electrode for this purpose. Cyclic voltammetry was used to initially ascertain the potential (-0.57 V) necessary for constant potential electrolysis. Employing a constant potential electrolysis method, the iron oxide and its phosphate were modified onto the surface of the iron electrode to enable reaction with phosphate ions. Scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy were used to characterize and analyze the morphology and elemental composition of Fe-PME, elucidating how it responds to phosphate ionation. The two-electrode system was then utilized for the evaluation of the phosphate ion response of Fe-PME at pH 4. Fe-PME's response to phosphate ions is demonstrated by the results, ranging from 10-5 to 0.1 M and with a slope of -52.8 mV dec-1. Fe-PME exhibited satisfactory results when compared to the conventional blue colorimetry of molybdenum.

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A novel testosterone catabolic pathway in bacteria.

Project description:Forty years ago, Coulter and Talalay (A. W. Coulter and P. Talalay, J. Biol. Chem. 243:3238-3247, 1968) established the oxygenase-dependent pathway for the degradation of testosterone by aerobes. The oxic testosterone catabolic pathway involves several oxygen-dependent reactions and is not available for anaerobes. Since then, a variety of anaerobic bacteria have been described for the ability to degrade testosterone in the absence of oxygen. Here, a novel, oxygenase-independent testosterone catabolic pathway in such organisms is described. Steroidobacter denitrificans DSMZ18526 was shown to be capable of degrading testosterone in the absence of oxygen and was selected as the model organism in this study. In a previous investigation, we identified the initial intermediates involved in an anoxic testosterone catabolic pathway, most of which are identical to those of the oxic pathway demonstrated in Comamonas testosteroni. In this study, five additional intermediates of the anoxic pathway were identified. We demonstrated that subsequent steps of the anoxic pathway greatly differ from those of the established oxic pathway, which suggests that a novel pathway for testosterone catabolism is present. In the proposed anoxic pathway, a reduction reaction occurs at C-4 and C-5 of androsta-1,4-diene-3,17-dione, the last common intermediate of both the oxic and anoxic pathways. After that, a novel hydration reaction occurs and a hydroxyl group is thus introduced to the C-1α position of C(19)steroid substrates. To our knowledge, an enzymatic hydration reaction occurring at the A ring of steroid compounds has not been reported before.

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Electrochemically active biofilms: facts and fiction. A review.

Project description:This review examines the electrochemical techniques used to study extracellular electron transfer in the electrochemically active biofilms that are used in microbial fuel cells and other bioelectrochemical systems. Electrochemically active biofilms are defined as biofilms that exchange electrons with conductive surfaces: electrodes. Following the electrochemical conventions, and recognizing that electrodes can be considered reactants in these bioelectrochemical processes, biofilms that deliver electrons to the biofilm electrode are called anodic, ie electrode-reducing, biofilms, while biofilms that accept electrons from the biofilm electrode are called cathodic, ie electrode-oxidizing, biofilms. How to grow these electrochemically active biofilms in bioelectrochemical systems is discussed and also the critical choices made in the experimental setup that affect the experimental results. The reactor configurations used in bioelectrochemical systems research are also described and the authors demonstrate how to use selected voltammetric techniques to study extracellular electron transfer in bioelectrochemical systems. Finally, some critical concerns with the proposed electron transfer mechanisms in bioelectrochemical systems are addressed together with the prospects of bioelectrochemical systems as energy-converting and energy-harvesting devices.

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