Dataset Information

11?-HSD Types 1 and 2 in the Songbird Brain.

ABSTRACT: Glucocorticoid (GC) hormones act on the brain to regulate diverse functions, from behavior and homeostasis to the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Local regeneration and metabolism of GCs can occur in target tissues through the actions of the 11?-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases [11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11?-HSD1) and 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11?-HSD2), respectively] to regulate access to GC receptors. Songbirds have become especially important model organisms for studies of stress hormone action; however, there has been little focus on neural GC metabolism. Therefore, we tested the hypothesis that 11?-HSD1 and 11?-HSD2 are expressed in GC-sensitive regions of the songbird brain. Localization of 11?-HSD expression in these regions could provide precise temporal and spatial control over GC actions. We quantified GC sensitivity in zebra finch (Taeniopygia guttata) brain by measuring glucocorticoid receptor (GR) and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) expression across six regions, followed by quantification of 11?-HSD1 and 11?-HSD2 expression. We detected GR, MR, and 11?-HSD2 mRNA expression throughout the adult brain. Whereas 11?-HSD1 expression was undetectable in the adult brain, we detected low levels of expression in the brain of developing finches. Across several adult brain regions, expression of 11?-HSD2 covaried with GR and MR, with the exception of the cerebellum and hippocampus. It is possible that receptors in these latter two regions require direct access to systemic GC levels. Overall, these results suggest that 11?-HSD2 expression protects the adult songbird brain by rapid metabolism of GCs in a context and region-specific manner.

SUBMITTER: Rensel MA

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5857549 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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11β-HSD Types 1 and 2 in the Songbird Brain.

Rensel Michelle A MA Ding Jessica A JA Pradhan Devaleena S DS Schlinger Barney A BA

Frontiers in endocrinology 20180312

Glucocorticoid (GC) hormones act on the brain to regulate diverse functions, from behavior and homeostasis to the activity of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Local regeneration and metabolism of GCs can occur in target tissues through the actions of the 11β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases [11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 1 (11β-HSD1) and 11 beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase type 2 (11β-HSD2), respectively] to regulate access to GC receptors. Songbirds have become especially impo ...[more]

PMID: 29593652

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Project description:Background11β HSD1 generates cortisol from cortisone. 11β HSD1 single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) was associated with metabolic syndrome (MeTS). Although the relation of acne vulgaris (AV) and skin tags (STs) with MeTS has been reported, the relationship between 11β HSD 1 SNP and cortisol activity in those patients has not studied till now.AimsTo investigate, two 11β-HSD1 SNPs (rs846910 and rs12086634), serum lipid profile and cortisol levels in patients with AV and STs in an Egyptian population.Patients and methodsThis case-control study was performed on 50 patients having STs and 50 complaining of AV and 50 sex- and age-matched controls. We searched for serum lipid profile, cortisol levels, and 11β-HSD1 rs846910 and rs12086634 SNPs using real time-PCR.ResultsCompared to controls,11β-HSD1 rs846910 GA genotype carriers had significantly higher risks for developing AV and STs by 3.4- and 4.9-fold, respectively, and its A allele increases these risks by 3.1 and 4.4 times, respectively. Also, 11β-HSD1 rs12086634 TG genotype increases the risk of AV by 3.2-fold, as well as STs by 3.5-fold, and its G allele increases the risk of AV by 3.2-fold and STs by 7-fold. In AV and ST patients, rs846910 GA genotype demonstrated significant associations with elevated body mass index (BMI), and cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), cortisol, and decreased high density lipoprotein serum levels, respectively. However, rs12086634 GG genotype was significantly associated with increased BMI, cholesterol, and LDL serum levels in patients with AV and STs, in addition to the number of STs and serum cortisol levels in ST patients.Conclusion11β-HSD1 rs846910 and rs12086634 gene polymorphisms may contribute to AV and STs pathogenesis, that may be mediated through enhancing the enzymatic activity (increasing cortisol levels). AV and STs are associated with obesity and atherogenic lipid profile. Diagnosis of AV and STs may play a role in early detection of the MeTS.

Dataset Information

11?-HSD Types 1 and 2 in the Songbird Brain.

Publications

11β-HSD Types 1 and 2 in the Songbird Brain.

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