Dataset Information

Computer simulations for assessing cognitively intensive instrumental activities of daily living in older adults.

ABSTRACT: Introduction:Aim is to evaluate validity, reliability, diagnostic precision, and user acceptability of computer simulations of cognitively demanding tasks when administered to older adults with and without cognitive impairment. Methods:Five simulation modules were administered to 161 individuals aged ?60 years with no cognitive impairment (N = 81), mild cognitive impairment (N = 52), or dementia (N = 28). Groups were compared on total accuracy and time to complete the tasks (seconds). Receiver operating characteristics were evaluated. Reliability was assessed over one month. Participants rated face validity and acceptability. Results:Total accuracy (P < .0001) and time (P = .0015) differed between groups. Test-retest correlations were excellent (0.79 and 0.88, respectively). Area under the curve ranged from good (0.77) to excellent (0.97). User ratings supported their face validity and acceptability. Discussion:Brief computer simulations can be useful in assessing cognitive functional abilities of older adults and distinguishing varying degrees of impairment.

SUBMITTER: Rapp SR

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5857723 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Computer simulations for assessing cognitively intensive instrumental activities of daily living in older adults.

Rapp Stephen R SR Barnard Ryan T RT Sink Kaycee M KM Chamberlain Dana G DG Wilson Valerie V Lu Lingyi L Ip Edward H EH

Alzheimer's & dementia (Amsterdam, Netherlands) 20180223

<h4>Introduction</h4>Aim is to evaluate validity, reliability, diagnostic precision, and user acceptability of computer simulations of cognitively demanding tasks when administered to older adults with and without cognitive impairment.<h4>Methods</h4>Five simulation modules were administered to 161 individuals aged ≥60 years with no cognitive impairment (N = 81), mild cognitive impairment (N = 52), or dementia (N = 28). Groups were compared on total accuracy and time to complete the tasks (secon ...[more]

PMID: 29560411

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Project description:BACKGROUND:There is insufficient evidence regarding the relationship of home environment with functional capacity among community-dwelling older people without disabilities. We conducted a population-based longitudinal cohort study and examined whether stairs in the home were associated with capability to perform instrumental activities of daily living (IADL) in community-dwelling high-functioning older adults. METHODS:The target population was individuals aged 65 years or older living in two municipalities in Nara Prefecture in Japan. At the baseline survey, residents who were independent in IADL (n?=?6722) were included as survey subjects. Subjects were divided into three groups according to their home type; one-storey residences, walk-up residences, or residences with an elevator. IADL was evaluated using the Tokyo Metropolitan Institute of Gerontology Index of Competence. Multiple logistic regression analyses stratified by gender were used to calculate the odds ratio (OR) and a 95% confidence interval (CI) for a decline in IADL, with one-storey residences as a reference. Age, studied area, marital status, working status, self-perceived economic status, body mass index, chronic diseases, smoking, drinking, eating habits, basic activities of daily living, cognitive functioning, depression, self-rated health, and social participation were used as covariates. RESULTS:During the 3-year follow-up, 11.6% of the subjects showed a decline in IADL. After adjusting for covariates, women who lived in walk-up residences had a lower risk for IADL decline (adjusted OR?=?0.72, 95% CI?=?0.52-0.99), while living in a home with an elevator was not associated with IADL decline (adjusted OR?=?0.94, 95% CI?=?0.49-1.77). In contrast, there was no association between home type and IADL decline in men (walk-up residences, adjusted OR?=?0.90, 95% CI?=?0.71-1.14; residences with an elevator, adjusted OR?=?0.82, 95% CI?=?0.39-1.72). CONCLUSIONS:The presence of stairs in the home was associated with prevention of IADL decline over a 3-year period in older women without disabilities. Although a barrier-free house is recommended for older people, our findings indicate that a home with stairs may maintain the capability to perform IADL among older adults without disabilities.

Project description:Poor functional status is common after critical illness, and can adversely impact the abilities of intensive care unit (ICU) survivors to live independently. Instrumental activities of daily living (IADL), which encompass complex tasks necessary for independent living, are a particularly important component of post-ICU functional outcome.To conduct a systematic review of studies evaluating IADLs in survivors of critical illness.We searched PubMed, CINAHL, Cochrane Library, SCOPUS, and Web of Science for all relevant English-language studies published through December 31, 2016. Additional articles were identified from personal files and reference lists of eligible studies. Two trained researchers independently reviewed titles and abstracts, and potentially eligible full text studies. Eligible studies included those enrolling adult ICU survivors with IADL assessments, using a validated instrument. We excluded studies involving specific ICU patient populations, specialty ICUs, those enrolling fewer than 10 patients, and those that were not peer-reviewed. Variables related to IADLs were reported using the Patient Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS).Thirty of 991 articles from our literature search met inclusion criteria, and 23 additional articles were identified from review of reference lists and personal files. Sixteen studies (30%) published between 1999 and 2016 met eligibility criteria and were included in the review. Study definitions of impairment in IADLs were highly variable, as were reported rates of pre-ICU IADL dependencies (7-85% of patients). Eleven studies (69%) found that survivors of critical illness had new or worsening IADL dependencies. In three of four longitudinal studies, survivors with IADL dependencies decreased over the follow-up period. Across multiple studies, no risk factors were consistently associated with IADL dependency.Survivors of critical illness commonly experience new or worsening IADL dependency that may improve over time. As part of ongoing efforts to understand and improve functional status in ICU survivors, future research must focus on risk factors for IADL dependencies and interventions to improve these cognitive and physical dependencies after critical illness.

Dataset Information

Computer simulations for assessing cognitively intensive instrumental activities of daily living in older adults.

Publications

Computer simulations for assessing cognitively intensive instrumental activities of daily living in older adults.

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