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Risk prediction for Staphylococcus aureus surgical site infection following cardiothoracic surgery; A secondary analysis of the V710-P003 trial.

ABSTRACT: Identifying patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery at high risk of Staphylococcus aureus surgical site infection (SSI) is a prerequisite for implementing effective preventive interventions. The objective of this study was to develop a risk prediction model for S. aureus SSI or bacteremia after cardiothoracic surgery based on pre-operative variables.Data from the Merck Phase IIb/III S. aureus vaccine (V710-P003) clinical trial were analyzed. In this randomized placebo-controlled trial, the effect of preoperative vaccination against S. aureus was investigated in patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery. The primary outcome was deep/superficial S. aureus SSI or S. aureus bacteremia through day 90 after surgery. Performance, calibration, and discrimination of the final model were assessed.Overall 164 out of 7,647 included patients (2.1%) developed S. aureus infection (149 SSI, 15 bacteremia, 28 both). Independent risk factors for developing the primary outcome were pre-operative colonization with S. aureus (OR 3.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.23-4.22), diabetes mellitus (OR 1.87, 95% CI 1.34-2.60), BMI (OR 1.02 per kg/m2, 95% CI 0.99-1.05), and CABG (OR 2.67, 95% CI 1.91-3.78). Although vaccination had a significant (albeit modest) protective effect, it was omitted from the model because its addition did not significantly change the coefficients of the final model and V710-vaccine development has been discontinued due to insufficient efficacy. The final prediction model had moderate discriminative accuracy (AUC-value, 0.72).Pre-operative S. aureus colonization status, diabetes mellitus, BMI, and type of surgical procedure moderately predicted the risk of S. aureus SSI and/or bacteremia among patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery.

SUBMITTER: Paling FP

PROVIDER: S-EPMC5862433 | biostudies-literature | 2018

REPOSITORIES: biostudies-literature

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Risk prediction for Staphylococcus aureus surgical site infection following cardiothoracic surgery; A secondary analysis of the V710-P003 trial.

Paling Fleur P FP Olsen Karina K Ohneberg Kristin K Wolkewitz Martin M Fowler Vance G VG DiNubile Mark J MJ Jafri Hasan S HS Sifakis Frangiscos F Bonten Marc J M MJM Harbarth Stephan J SJ Kluytmans Jan A J W JAJW

PloS one 20180321 3

<h4>Background</h4>Identifying patients undergoing cardiothoracic surgery at high risk of Staphylococcus aureus surgical site infection (SSI) is a prerequisite for implementing effective preventive interventions. The objective of this study was to develop a risk prediction model for S. aureus SSI or bacteremia after cardiothoracic surgery based on pre-operative variables.<h4>Materials/methods</h4>Data from the Merck Phase IIb/III S. aureus vaccine (V710-P003) clinical trial were analyzed. In thi ...[more]

PMID: 29561866

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Project description:BackgroundA multi centre double-blind randomised-controlled trial (M-RCT), carried out in the Netherlands in 2005-2007, showed that hospitalised patients with S. aureus nasal carriage who were treated prophylactically with mupirocin nasal ointment and chlorhexidine gluconate medicated soap (MUP-CHX), had a significantly lower risk of health-care associated S. aureus infections than patients receiving placebo (3.4% vs. 7.7%, RR 0.42, 95% CI 0.23-0.75). The objective of the present study was to determine whether treatment of patients undergoing elective cardiothoracic or orthopaedic surgery with MUP-CHX (screen-and-treat strategy) affected the costs of patient care.MethodsWe compared hospital costs of patients undergoing cardiothoracic or orthopaedic surgery (n=415) in one of the participating centres of the M-RCT. Data from the 'Planning and Control' department were used to calculate total hospital costs of the patients. Total costs were calculated including nursing days, costs of surgery, costs for laboratory and radiological tests, functional assessments and other costs. Costs for personnel, materials and overhead were also included. Mean costs in the two treatment arms were compared using the t-test for equality of means (two-tailed). Subgroup analysis was performed for cardiothoracic and orthopaedic patients.ResultsAn investigator-blinded analysis revealed that costs of care in the treatment arm (MUP-CHX, n=210) were on average €1911 lower per patient than costs of care in the placebo arm (n=205) (€8602 vs. €10513, p=0.01). Subgroup analysis showed that MUP-CHX treated cardiothoracic patients cost €2841 less (n=280, €9628 vs €12469, p=0.006) and orthopaedic patients €955 less than non-treated patients (n=135, €6097 vs €7052, p=0.05).ConclusionsIn conclusion, in patients undergoing cardiothoracic or orthopaedic surgery, screening for S. aureus nasal carriage and treating carriers with MUP-CHX results in a substantial reduction of hospital costs.

Project description:BackgroundAn unmet need to prevent Staphylococcus aureus (SA) infections after cardiothoracic surgery persists despite current practices. Cost-effective implementation of preventive strategies requires contemporary knowledge about modifiable risk factors.MethodsFrom 2007 to 2011, an international, double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial of a novel SA vaccine (V710) was conducted in 7664 adults scheduled for median sternotomy at 164 sites. We analyzed SA infections developing up to 360 days postoperatively in 3832 placebo recipients.ResultsCoronary artery bypass grafting was performed in 80.8% (3096 of 3832) of placebo recipients. The overall incidence of any postoperative SA infection was 3.1% (120 of 3832). Invasive SA infections (including bacteremia and deep sternal-wound infections) developed in 1.0%. Methicillin-resistant SA (MRSA) accounted for 19% (23 of 120) of SA infections, with 57% (13 of 23) of the MRSA infections occurring in diabetic patients. All-cause mortality was 4.1% (153 of 3712) in patients without SA infection, 7.2% (7 of 97) in methicillin-susceptible SA (MSSA) infections, and 17.3% (4 of 23) in MRSA infections (P < .01). Staphylococcus aureus nasal carriage was detected preoperatively in 18.3% (701 of 3096) patients, including 1.6% colonized with MRSA. Postoperative SA infections occurred in 7.0% (49 of 701) of colonized patients versus 2.3% (71 of 3131) of patients without colonization (relative risk = 3.1 [95% confidence interval, 2.2-4.4]).ConclusionsIn this large international cohort of patients undergoing cardiac surgery and observed prospectively, invasive postoperative SA infections occurred in 1% of adult patients despite modern perioperative management. The attributable mortality rates were 3% for MSSA and 13% for MRSA infections. Preoperative nasal colonization with SA increased the risk of postoperative infection threefold. The utility of strategies to reduce this incidence warrants continued investigation.

Dataset Information

Risk prediction for Staphylococcus aureus surgical site infection following cardiothoracic surgery; A secondary analysis of the V710-P003 trial.

Publications

Risk prediction for Staphylococcus aureus surgical site infection following cardiothoracic surgery; A secondary analysis of the V710-P003 trial.

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